Human Computer interaction Essay Example for Free

Human Computer interaction Essay As we know that 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London, this computer interface is specifically designed for all kind of people around the globe in order to check for games, dates, locations, competitions along with hotels, transport facility, accommodation and restaurants etc. To implement information system in an organization it requires a separate information systems department. Information systems department handles all information technology related issues, processing of the data, and networking in the organization. Information systems department is operated by specialists of computer technology also called information system specialists. These are project leaders, programmers, managers, system analysts, hardware engineers, software engineers, core technologists, and consultants. It also includes computer services companies that offer hardware and software services to the organization. An important element of information system is the computer technology and its core competencies; it involves all software and hardware application. Today, information system has become very important in any organization not only because of its usefulness and efficiency but because of its reliability, its ability to manipulate work accurately, ability to expand businesses and services and the competitiveness and edge over others. Information system is very important to bring change in an organization. The change in the organization is brought to enhance performance and quality of products. It is a very powerful tool to in implementing information technology and development of an organization. The information systems department implementation and size vary in an organizations depending upon the organization itself. The IT services companies are totally based on the information system. Model users Identify the different user groups. †¢ Social computing communities. They are part of the users in a new field of human computer interaction. They focus on the design, evaluation and maintenance of the system, and they interact socially via digital technology. †¢ Online community. They are people who use the online as the media to chat or socialize with other people including those in other countries. †¢ Business/professional. They are people who are visiting the Olympic event but want to keep in touch with their work at the office and their professional agendas. Fro example, while attending the Olympic event, they can still communicate with their office, checking on messages, talk to their clients or staff through the intranet, etc. †¢ Students. They can have access to their school, continue on studying while attending the event. And last but not least, †¢ The people who come to the Olympic as visitors, the athletes, and all other people who are participating in the organizing the event. UNA and Design Perform a User Needs Analysis (UNA) for the expected user population(s). Human Computer Interaction application involves a thrusts of human perception and its relationship to graphical user interfaces and that the impact of mental models on a system can ease the use of the system. †¢ User Characteristics User characteristics may include age, gender, life style, preferences, education and its background, level of knowledge, and other social factors that may spark the interest of the individuals to use the system. †¢ Work/Task Characteristics (Produce a HTA) Task characteristics required to human computer interaction can be defined by using action regulation theory such as the one described by Ulich et al (1991 in Fjed and Rauterberg, p3): (A) Task dependent setting of (sub-)goals which are embedded in the superimposed task goal; (B) Independent action preparation in the sense of taking on planning functions; and, selection of the means including the necessary actions for goal attainment; (C) Mental or physical performance functions with feedback on performance pertaining to possible corrections of actions; (D) Control with feedback on results and the possibility of checking the results of ones own actions against the set (sub-)goals In addition, several methods can also be developed and be used to analyze this task characteristics such as questionnaires and interviews; (Scott, Osgood Peterson 1979); scoring rationale of observable behaviour (McDaniel Lawrence 1990); protocol analysis based on actions and utterances (Ericsson Simon 1984); and formal models (Kieras Polson 1985) and executable models (Ritter Larkin 1994). The modeling for these methods consist of four different modeling levels such as modeling traditions, modeling paradigms, model classes, and specific models (Fjeld and Rauterberg, 1998).

Made to Order Hero Essay -- essays research papers fc

Made to Order Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times in life we encounter an individual that touches us in some profound way. The relation of this individual to the person they are influencing is as diverse as the personal experiences that causes this admiration. This individual, or hero, can impact and totally change the direction of someone's life. A hero can be anyone, from a professional athlete, to a public service figure, to a relative or parent. Each hero is defined by an individual's definition of what a hero is and should be. The definition of a hero has not always been this liberal. As time and the world have progressed so has the definition of the word hero. The poems Beowulf and Sir Gawin and the Green Knight are shining examples of how the definition of a hero can change. Using these two poems I will demonstrate the fact that the standards that need to be met, or the heroic code, is an ever-changing definition that evolves and adapts with the progression of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beowulf and Sir Gawain are both considered heroes by their peers, but they must both conform to a different set of standards to maintain their identity as a hero. Each set of standards seems representative of the times in which each story takes place. The story of Beowulf takes place before the story of Gawain, in a time that is more primitive and violent era, a time when manhood and heroism were defined by the way of the sword and not the way of the word. Gawain on the other hand, appears to dwell in a place and time that puts more emphasis on honoring one’s word and not on proving ones self with a weapon. Beowulf can be considered pre-Christian, thus naturally he followed a more barbaric, violent code. Gawain seems to abide by the Christian code of values, possibly influenced by the church and the Bible. Gawain seems to make an effort to be more noble and less like a savage. This is proven throughout the Gawain poem as the setting and attire appear far more sophisticated and proper than in the Beowulf poem. â€Å"Perhaps the repeated emphasis on complex design and lavish display is enough to imply a date towards the end of the century† (Vantuono XVII). The end of the 14th century places Gawain in a time that had been influenced by the Christian belief, therefore explaining why he tends to follow a heroic code that places emphasis on being proper, kno... ...its me here;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So did our covenant stand In Arthur’s court last year- Wherefore, sir, hold your hand! (Longman 2327-2330) Gawian makes his mark as a hero of the Arthurian period by standing by his word even though he had several opportunities to run away and hide from the Green Knight. Gawain knew that dishonor was far more devastating than any death could ever be, thus making Gawain a hero to those around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Beowulf and Gawain were heroes to those they lived with. Beowulf became a hero by having no fear, facing all adversity without apprehension. Beowulf fights in order to be a hero. Gawain, on the other hand, establishes his place as a hero by living by a more Christlike code. He hunts down the Green Knight in order to fulfill his promise, even though he knows it means his death. This makes him a hero to those in King Arthur’s court. Works Cited Damrosh, David. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol 1. â€Å"Beowulf† and â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers. 2003 Vantuono, William. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. University of Notre Dame Press. Notre Dame, IL. 1999 Made to Order Hero Essay -- essays research papers fc Made to Order Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times in life we encounter an individual that touches us in some profound way. The relation of this individual to the person they are influencing is as diverse as the personal experiences that causes this admiration. This individual, or hero, can impact and totally change the direction of someone's life. A hero can be anyone, from a professional athlete, to a public service figure, to a relative or parent. Each hero is defined by an individual's definition of what a hero is and should be. The definition of a hero has not always been this liberal. As time and the world have progressed so has the definition of the word hero. The poems Beowulf and Sir Gawin and the Green Knight are shining examples of how the definition of a hero can change. Using these two poems I will demonstrate the fact that the standards that need to be met, or the heroic code, is an ever-changing definition that evolves and adapts with the progression of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beowulf and Sir Gawain are both considered heroes by their peers, but they must both conform to a different set of standards to maintain their identity as a hero. Each set of standards seems representative of the times in which each story takes place. The story of Beowulf takes place before the story of Gawain, in a time that is more primitive and violent era, a time when manhood and heroism were defined by the way of the sword and not the way of the word. Gawain on the other hand, appears to dwell in a place and time that puts more emphasis on honoring one’s word and not on proving ones self with a weapon. Beowulf can be considered pre-Christian, thus naturally he followed a more barbaric, violent code. Gawain seems to abide by the Christian code of values, possibly influenced by the church and the Bible. Gawain seems to make an effort to be more noble and less like a savage. This is proven throughout the Gawain poem as the setting and attire appear far more sophisticated and proper than in the Beowulf poem. â€Å"Perhaps the repeated emphasis on complex design and lavish display is enough to imply a date towards the end of the century† (Vantuono XVII). The end of the 14th century places Gawain in a time that had been influenced by the Christian belief, therefore explaining why he tends to follow a heroic code that places emphasis on being proper, kno... ...its me here;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So did our covenant stand In Arthur’s court last year- Wherefore, sir, hold your hand! (Longman 2327-2330) Gawian makes his mark as a hero of the Arthurian period by standing by his word even though he had several opportunities to run away and hide from the Green Knight. Gawain knew that dishonor was far more devastating than any death could ever be, thus making Gawain a hero to those around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Beowulf and Gawain were heroes to those they lived with. Beowulf became a hero by having no fear, facing all adversity without apprehension. Beowulf fights in order to be a hero. Gawain, on the other hand, establishes his place as a hero by living by a more Christlike code. He hunts down the Green Knight in order to fulfill his promise, even though he knows it means his death. This makes him a hero to those in King Arthur’s court. Works Cited Damrosh, David. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol 1. â€Å"Beowulf† and â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers. 2003 Vantuono, William. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. University of Notre Dame Press. Notre Dame, IL. 1999

Mgx Assignment

Negotiated Agreements/eliminative/Protective Techniques of Long-term Strategies ill. Use of Personal Relationships lb. Proactive Strategies 1 OFF it. Development Introduction The world of business is becoming overcrowded every day, and companies have to develop strategies on a global basis. Political, legal, cultural and economic circumstances vary significantly around the world. Even though investing in an international market may require intensive capital, the reward of such a business ay be enormous.The sale of products and services in another country enables the company to increase its sales, expand the products life cycle, improve brand recognition, and reduce the risks of operating in a single market (Hill, 2009). Before choosing a foreign country for business, numerous aspects have to be considered. For instance, one must consider the nature of politics in that country as well as the political risks involved. Political risks entail the hazardous impacts that political events o r decisions may have on a business. Such risks range from corruption, tax laws, and protests to wars.To manage these risks, companies must carry out comprehensive research beforehand. Some countries may be extremely conservatives while others may be easy to do business (Harrison, 2009). This paper will examine the political aspects affecting entry into an emerging country in comparison to entry into a less developed country. Special attention will be given to Brazil and Bangladesh. Political Aspects Related to Brazil There are different political systems in Brazil that are likely to affect business. To certain extent, these risks subject the country's investors and their investment at take.An examination of Brazier's political environment indicates that Brazil is a federal republic made up of 26 states and a capital district. It has a dynamic multi- party system of government with twenty parties represented within its congress, this is to suggest that it is a democratic state. The q uality and effectiveness of the government services and infrastructure are continuously being improved by the government Jeffrey, 2011). Despite the massive improvements that have been witnessed in Brazil, the country still grapples with corruption related risks that may hinder business.These cases were most prevalent during the reign of the former president Luis Niacin â€Å"Lull† Dad Silva. After taking office in 2002, the president was instrumental in improving the country's poor economic condition. However, scandals tainted his presidency especially in 2007 when it was discovered that government officials were participating in trade of municipal properties. Political protests are a common sight in the streets of key cities in Brazil. This is usually done by local groupings pushing for certain agendas to be addressed by the government.Such protestors' tendency to involve violence, looting and destruction of property. For instance, Brazil witnessed a considerable number of protests against ALCOA which intended to set up a hydroelectric power plant in the country in 2004. The protests were sparked by the environmental groups who wanted the company to consider mitigating environmental damages in its project (Hill, 2009). Another risk of doing businesses in Brazil is that of rampant police brutality and gang violence. It is estimated that approximately 50,000 homicides are reported every year in the country.It is also alleged that the police are often behind numerous extra judicial executions. This has tainted the image of what is by far one of the most prominent economies in Latin America (Hefted, 2007). While the country presents numerous reasons that defend its position as a strong market, entry requires extensive research and planning. Regardless of the company's consideration, be it acquisitions or restructuring, it needs to understand the strategic and fiscal impact of such decisions and the fore mentioned implementation risks.Appreciating where th e opportunities and risks are positioned, the size of each opportunity and what opponents are doing will arm the company with the confidence to enter the Brazilian arrest (Derek, 2006). Political Aspects Related to Bangladesh Like Brazil, Bangladesh has also experienced massive growth in its political systems. For instance, the country has witnessed the transition of power to democratically elected leaders. Despite this significant change, there are still confrontational tendencies within the political front.In 2007, for instance, the government was forced to declare a state of emergency after the opposition protested against the ruling presidency of Sheik Hessian Waged. This has, over the course of time, had negative repercussions on foreign business growth (Theodore, 010). Moreover, party politics between the opposition Bangladesh Nationalists Party (BAN) and Bangladesh Miami League (AL) remain rife. It seems neither of the two can back down from confrontations on how to run the g overnment. The ongoing trails on war crimes too catalyst the political unrests.In fact, these tribunals still have a long way to go before issue of verdicts. However, the courts already issued the first ruling which is expected to stabilize the political air. This goes a distance to remove the fear that Psalmists wars could have begun. The political climate is relatively tense for doing business. Recent cases of violence have been reported in areas around Southeast Chitchatting. Such violence is characterized by ethnic clashes between those in support of a democratic regime and those who desire the status quo to remain. The political risk is further heightened by a high level of poverty and inflation.It is estimated that roughly one in every three Bangladesh is afflicted with abject poverty. Moreover, thousands demonstrate in the streets against the arrest of their trade-union leader. Significantly, the government loses grip of maintaining law and order hence scaring off possible in vestors. It is no doubt that a country that lacks democratic systems and effective leadership is bound to repel economic growth. Political risks play a significant role of barring investors from investing in the country for fear that their businesses would be at stake.This comparison has shown the aspects of doing business in both Brazil and Bangladesh. Over the past decade, Brazil has become a progressively attractive and profitable market for international companies. More companies are seen to shift their focus on this emerging economy. Entering Brazil is good, however it's not easy cause of the immense competition and the availability of business know-how among other reasons (Peabody, 2005). On the other hand, Bangladesh is a less developed country whose economy major depends on the garments industry.Entry into this country is relatively easy because government restrictions are not deterrent to foreign business. All the same, Brazil is a favorite of many because of the immense po tential for profitability. Regardless of a relatively splendid performance in the last two decades, the Bangladesh economy is plagued with numerous structural weaknesses, which are yet to be addressed. Some of the significant issues include an incapacitated public sector, intellectualized financial sector, lack of export diversification, poor infrastructure, and pervasive corruption (Scheme, 2004).The failure of the government to address these long-standing problems has adversely affected the investment environment. On the other hand, Brazier's problems are on a lower scale, and the government is seen to put structures in place in order to develop all of its sectors. Compared to Brazil, Bangladesh is a poor economy characterized by a vast population living in rural areas. The main economic activity is agriculture armament manufacturing, but many businesses are seen to shift into the service and production industries. The case of Brazil is that of relative advancement.The country has a mature democracy, sustainable infrastructure and relative ease of doing business. Overcoming Political Risks Multi-national companies wishing to invest in the foreign market must develop long-term strategies based on intensive market research. They must be able to exercise their existing position relatively well and ensure they maximize on their experience in order to succeed. Depending on existing strategies, companies should insider entering into a venture arrangement with the local representatives or distributors.This is cheaper and will be made easier if the venture company operates the same business. However, any contract agreement should include terms that permit for local production through a Joint venture, an acquisition, or a new plant. Additionally, when entering through these avenues, companies should always embark on a due diligence assessment and channel analysis. This will go a long way in managing any potential political risks (Guppy, 2006). The use of existing adv antages within the multinational company will enable it to have a bargaining rower over the foreign nation.This will work well with corporations who have large economies of scale that can enable them to influence key business decisions in the host country (Hill, 2009). An entry strategy that maximizes on the use of personal relationships will auger well with any foreign situation. Many foreign companies are known to license distributors or dealers to represent their products and services on a non-exclusive or exclusive basis. As these companies become more ascertained in multinational company gains immense power ensuring that the host country doesn't interfere with its affairs.This is referred to as an integrative technique. Another choice that may minimize political risk would be the operation companies from distant offices situated in politically stable countries either in Southeast Asia or India. The whole company or a part of it may be operated remotely (Hefted, 2007). This is r egarded as a protective technique. On other occasions, a multinational corporation may foresee certain future hardships while operating in a foreign country. In this case, it will be crucial to adopt a proactive approach to manage these risks.This strategy entails the use of campaign financing and intensive lobbying to push the host government towards handling the foreseen adversities. By so doing, the impact of those risks will be reduced before they reach the company. Managing political risks requires the use of negotiated agreements that involve all the necessary stakeholders. For instance, ALCOA managed its risks by agreeing to terms demanded by the protestors. This included an agreement to compensate all citizens who were resettled following the launch of the hydroelectric project.Similarly, they adopted the use of environmental consultants to assist in the taxation of environmental damage (Hefted, 2007). Similarly, cases of corruption and economic risks may be managed through the hiring of transparent agencies or via diversification of products to other countries. However, sometimes the multinational company may consider withdrawing altogether if the terms are too hostile. Conclusion In conclusion, it is fundamental to note that any decision to enter into international business must be accompanied by an assessment of the potential risks and threats. Political factors form the most crucial part of this assessment.This is rue because the political environment of any country has the potential to influence how business is carried out (Itchy, 2010). Given Brazier's financial stability and immense support from the state, many investors are streaming into the country. Bangladesh, on the other hand, still lurks behind in terms of political maturity and economic growth. It requires a new company to adopt various entry methods in order to remain viable. Nonetheless, by identifying and managing key elements that influence foreign trade, like political risks, new co mpanies are likely to flourish. Adler, N. (2008).

Impact of E-Commerce on Logistics and Transports - 3463 Words

April 4th 2012 E-Commerce Assignment topic: Impact of E-commerce on transport and logistics Table of content 1. Introduction 3 2. E-commerce and business 4 A. B2C E-commerce 4 B. B2B E-commerce 5 C. Evolution and forecast of E-commerce 5 3. Impacts on the supply chain 6 A. Problem raised by E-commerce 6 i. Demand 6 ii. Stocks 6 iii. Communication 6 B. Reaction and adaptation of companies 7 i. Information interchange 7 ii. Pure players 7 iii. Click and mortars 8 4. Upstream Logistics 9 A. Order reception and preparation 9 B. Transport and traceability 10 5. Conclusion 11 1. Introduction Since 2000 a lot of factors have changed the face of logistics in companies.†¦show more content†¦The raise of e-commerce these last years, boosted the e-logistics, which is a new form of logistics that is a globally integrated process requiring performing information systems. The B2C sector of e-commerce is then a real evolution and is characterized by several points: - The handling of returns requires adapted network and is a key in insuring clients fidelity - The volumes transported are reduced. - Performance of distribution network is an absolute requirement. E-commerce imposes then a logistics, an after sale service, and a performing information system. Indeed the constraints related to the amount of available references internal or external have accentuated the importance of the information given to the client given the lack of direct contact with the customer. Companies used to handle large volume quantities and they must now face large number of small volume quantities, therefore adapting their delivery modes. The marketing aspects are very important in the analysis of the logistics consequences, allowing avoiding, as much as possible, return flows of merchandise. Direct sales in a shop allow testing where as Internet purchases must grant a retraction period (7 days in France). The last kilometer is a cost issue and we will come back to this point later on, meanwhile companies have put into place networks of â€Å"relay† points in each city allowing clients to pick up their products or to return them through this partners B.Show MoreRelatedImpact of E-Commerce on Logistics and Transports3473 Words   |  14 PagesApril 4th 2012 E-Commerce Assignment topic: Impact of E-commerce on transport and logistics Table of content 1. Introduction 3 2. E-commerce and business 4 A. B2C E-commerce 4 B. B2B E-commerce 5 C. Evolution and forecast of E-commerce 5 3. Impacts on the supply chain 6 A. Problem raised by E-commerce 6 i. Demand 6 ii. Stocks 6 iii. Communication 6 B. Reaction and adaptation of companies 7 i. Information interchange 7 ii. Pure players 7 iii. 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