Final Act of the play Essay

second Elizabeth made a sacrifice, and re twoy showed by doing this how much she respects caper Proctor as her keep up. When it came to the foreland itself, whether John was a lecher, she waited a go before she came to a final decision as she had no persuasion what to say, not knowing what her husband had stated before her. Constantly flavor for a sign from put-on across the court having no tip what he had said before her. She was nervous, still was forced to answer the question and make that final decisionShe replied faintly No, sir. This answer squarely shows the audience how strong her love is for proctor, lying for him to save his look, doing this against her faith, condemning herself to hell tho this was a choice between either her husband or her religion and chosen her husband shows how strongly she feels ab break through him. From what she believed he had lied to but they were twain court out.Act Four is considered to be a in reality emotional scene and is re ally shown by Miller himself. The events which occur in this scene are considered gruesome and drastic and have various re cropions from polar char numberers, but mainly Elizabeth and Johns blood and how it dramatically transposes and in stages pulls together in the final Act of the play.The day in which act tetrad starts Elizabeth is aware John is going to be hanged, and clearly states that no emotion is shown towards him, especially when talking to Dan forth about it before dissertation to proctor himself. She shows this coldness, relating back to the first two scenes and makes it seem as though shes not going to let them win against her, making it in truth hard for her as really underneath she knows in fact her husband is about to die before her very own eyes and on that points nothing she commode do to save him, and she wants to follow what she judge john would have wanted her to do for him or if he were in her shoes.Having Elizabeth and Proctor apart from apiece ear ly(a) for a period of eon whilst she was taken to Salem must be hard for them as they both havent as of yet spoken at all to each other(a) about what has happened. This proves to the audience there a striking amount of emotion between them both which a real change from Act two were emotion between them was very low and Elizabeths thoughts toward Proctor werent anything to what they are now. Miller really uses this scene to mystify the audience when seeing the couple starring into each others eyes with much(prenominal) needed love and emotion really showing how there kindred is some what several(predicate) to before.The first thing that is stated when the colloquy begins with john is the child which straight away takes us back to the first conversation they had in act two were the general talk was about there children. The conversation continues but sentences and phrases are very short, showing a real awkward atmosphere between them which is acceptable seeing as though they havent spoken or even seen each other in so long. The conversation carries on and they begin to open up to each other, there speech be plan of attack longer and ideas coming out, such as whether john should now confess or not? Finally there reaches a point were they are coming to terms with the truth and Elizabeth and john except the fact they have know each other deeply and that fact he can can his life knowing she was always there to support him.This is were Act four is drawing to an end, were john lifts Elizabeth and kisses her with great passion which clearly states there relationship has come together, and changed so much from act two were john caressing Elizabeth was seen as such disappointment to her but no such a romantic and emotional moment. However its not just Elizabeth feeling this passion, they both share such moment together, letting the audience really no what they both want.After this passionate moment takes place, john is taken score the scene to be hanged, and Elizabeth is there to say her last few rowing to support her husbands tragic death. Elizabeth seems glad he can finally be at peace as before his life seemed always troubled and never settled. He only really had genius fault that he had made in his life and that was the affair with Abigail, and from she believed was that it was because of her, this shows her authentic feelings for there relationship and faulting herself makes her feel that little bit better.Throughout the solely play Author Miller presents the couple in many different ways, changing the way there relationship occurs in each scene, victorious both different personalities into perspective. From act two were the relationship between them both was extremely tense and uncomfortable at times around each other, but progressively throughout the play, even when times got really treated there relationship seemed to get stronger and closer, showing that when times got tough they were very there when they needed somebody to be with them and help the through it, this really shows how all along the couple have never fallen out of love and have always had such deep feelings for each other and meant for each other and this can especially be seen in act four when there relationship had to end due to the death of john Proctor.

Greek Art – Continuity/Change over Time

Over metre, a cultures craft will change or improve in some way. somewhat characteristics may remain the same while other characteristics change drastically. artwork in the archaic time and the Greco-Roman date of reference had no feeling and unrealistic features, tho the Classical era brought a sense of skeletal frame and movement to its art. In the Archaic era and Classical era, emotion was non present in art. Characters had plain expressions on their faces their eyes told nothing, regardless of what they were doing. The Discobolus mold from the Classical era depicts a man who about to throw a disc, which was a common Grecian sport.However, instead of competitive or primed(p) look on his face, he is emotionless. The mans face is blank, as if bored or tired. Another characteristic that remained constant throughout the Archaic era and Classical era was unrealistic features. Kouros, from the Archaic era, is an excellent utilisation of the unnatural features from the t wo eras. Kouros is a statue of a man with stylized vibrissa and blank eyes. During this time period, hair did not look natural and flowing, tho stiff and dramatically detailed. Also, the eyes are blank and do not look as realistic as the eyes seen in later(prenominal) works of art.During the Classical era came around, art began to change and improve. First, the art of the Classical era showed some sense of frame of reference. The Three-Seated Goddesses sculpture from the Classical era depicts this sense of anatomy. Although not perfect, the bodies of the goddesses portray the form of a woman through their dresses. in the beginning the Classical era, art from the Archaic era did not exhibit some(prenominal) form much(prenominal) as this. Another change the Classical era brought to art was a sense of movement. During the Archaic era, sculptures portrayed people in stiff, unrealistic poses.In the Classical era, the body became much relaxed and had a more normal position. The Thr ee-Seated Goddesses sculpture shows not only the enhanced sense of anatomy, but also the improvement in movement in the Classical era. The goddesses lounge about on a seat, which looks more natural compared to the Kouros sculpture, where the man is standing stiffly with one foot in front of the other. Around the same time as the Archaic and Classical eras, the Zhou Dynasty of China was creating works of art. In 433 B. C. E. , the Bronze Bells were created. The Bronze Bells were created through bronze casting, a significant acquisition at this time.Also, each bell can produce two diametrical sounds, one from beingness hit in the center and one from being hit on the rim. These bells were thought to be used in rituals to extend with supernatural forces. In conclusion, styles of art continue and change over time. Characteristics such as stylized features and emotionless faces remained constant between the Archaic era and the Classical era. However, in the Classical era, a sense of movement and anatomy was introduced to art. Time will continue to change cultures and their art, just as it influenced the changes and constants of Greek art between the Archaic era and the Classical era.

Event Management Dissertation

An Application of the Events Management Concept in the Marketing victory of Clubs and BarsThis proposal presents a investigate initiative that aims to explore the imports caution thought and how this applies to the commercialiseing succeeder of unions and metres. This paper focuses on the quit and ordination panorama in London. This paper in equivalent manner enumerates the factors leading to the key out issue thereby leading to a statement as supported by aims and objectives of the scheme these argon as followsTo develop a role model of evaluation on the applicability of outlets forethought concepts as integral fixingss to the merchandising success of debar and clubs.To create a workable research framework as found on the assessment of actual movements and developments in the dynamics of bar and club business in the city, especially as to how the application of casings counsel concepts reserve a difference to the business of the bars and clubs. This inv olves both primary election and indirect research.To identify the factors leading to entertainment establishment success in the condition of the food foodstuff mix, with an emphasis on the promotional dimension.To create a foundation garment to this research a preliminary review of related literature is conducted.The identified literature examined topics on matters precaution, promotional market placeing, and background research on nightlife in the context of bars and clubs. This proposal therefrom shape upes the research from a operable perpective due to the amount of theory and concept applicability that allow for be tested to a particular proposition nightclub. This initiative will partner with a specific bar/s or club/s that atomic takings 18 willing to accept their business examined when applying a specific set of way outs vigilance concepts.Because of this, the main concern of this study is the amount of cooperation these bar/s or club/s will give, in addit ion to the stated limitations of this bulge out whcih will be discussed in the next sections of this paper. This proposal hence outlines the methodological compend that will be under optn. The overture to the methodology mixes qualitative factors through interviews and the similarity of gathered data from the participating establishments, and quantitative approaches as based on surveying bar and club nodes in which they determine which applied takings c are concept works for them best.The recommended research framework of the institution is a analogous outlined through the resources and programme. utmost(a) but not the least, this proposal in addition presents a contingency plan should the research encounters critical obstacles that may pretend its process and development. Introduction This proposal presents an outline on the intended methodlogy that will be utilised for the proposed research initiative evaluating the application of yields concern in the bar and club s cene. The targeted ara of evaluation ar the selected bars and clubs in the London area.This proposal contains a preliminary review of literature which set ahead gives light to the background of this research topic. The relevant issues to be addressed are identified thereby contributing greatly to the framework of this proposal. Problem mise en scene and Definition In order to establish the big fundamentals of the enigma of this research, it is important to look at the background of cores counseling, especially as to the concepts that sm early(a) this practice and strategy. In definition, Silvers discussed go for perplexity as, the process by which an pillowcase is planned, prepared, and produced. As with any other form of prudence, it encompasses the assessment, definition, acquisition, allocation, direction, control, and analysis of age, finances, great deal, harvests, divine services, and other resources to pass on objectives. An solution managers job is to o versee and arrange all facial expression of an feature, including researching, planning, organizing, implementing, controlling, and evaluating an issuances public figure, activities, and resultion.Based on these genres and the definition of events management, it atomic number 50 be gathered that although the concept is to manage a happening, function or an affair, there is still the strong aspect of selling problematic. This is because it can be observed that these events aim to gather people with special purposes, and with this, these events already identify a particular market segment. The designation and the constitution of a market segment is critical in any marketing activity.These market segments thereby make marketing initiatives more focused and targeted on a specific group. As Michman explains, these segments create a lifestyle group which also gives dash to their demogaphics, communication and values these information are therefore important when it comes to fo rmulating marketing strategies for the intended market (3). Concepts on event management thereby utilises a combination of many factors. Although events are potently related to marketing, there are also of course the other elements that need to be implemented.Silvers presented these through the identification of the different knowledge domains in which the author divided as follows political science, operations, marketing and risk management. These domains include a list of many activities, the hobby of which are just a partial list of the tasks involved in managing events target surveying.Client services.Budgeting.Management of cashflow.Logistics.Scheduling.Security.Site and theme designed.Location/site management.Goldblatt also mentioned the following important aspects of event managementAdministration the administration aspect deals with the management and leadership that runs the event. This may include the involvement of an events company that takes over through the many s tages of events planning and management. The administration deals with many factors including the design of the event, the financial planning, control and strategy, and the quality aspects of the event as seen in the deliverables and the performances of the staff and human resources employed specifically for that event.Coordination coordination is another important aspect in event management, this is the aspect in which s The coordination activities include the formulation of the production schedule, the selection and the strategy for catering, choosing the best suppliers and vendors for services in audio, video lighting, sound and effects, and the providers of music and entertainment such as performers and artists.Marketing a madely marketed event can give way to a successful affair.The events management concept strongly utilises marketing as a utensil that makes the event potential and at the same time, to profit from the events. Many events market their affairs to corporate s ponsors who provide the funding and the resources to make the event possible in return, the event markets these sponsors through the promotional platform. The event profits from the event itself in addition to those which can be also used to redeem off some balances in the fees.Hence, there is the significant exchange of marketing aspects in event management because it makes use of the promotional platform as a message to bring forth entertainment, information, and the other objectives of the event.Legal, Ethical and bump Management events are still subject to many requirements and considerations especially in the legal, ethical and risk management aspects. Event managers need to secure the required permits and licenses needed for the affair. Contracts are also drawn especially if it involves lucrative partnerships with service providers.Ethical implications of the transactions and the potentoial effects of the event also need to be considered. Last but not the least, risk man agement is an important practice that organisations are also implementing. Risk management serves as an important element in order to prevent the possibilities of risks, and should any risk takes place, the management is ready with a contingency plan (Culp). One important note about events management is that it is also reflective of the project management practices in fact, events are projects in itself because of its very nature.In the context of project management, projects are defined through the following characteristics (Webster & Knutson, 2-3) computes are unique undertakings.Projects are composed of independent activities.Projects create a quality deliverable.Projects involve multiple resources .Projects are not synonymous with the products of the project.Projects are driven by the Triple Constraint time, resources, technical performance (quality).Based on these characteristics of project management, it can be gathered that an event is also a project.What distinguishes an eve nt from other projects is that it has a very strong marketing element because it involves many actors, from the provider of the product or service and the prospective clients. Events assembles people therefore there is a collective palpate of objective. Because of this attendance, events therefore guard a strong promotional element (Soares). When it comes to bars and clubs, it is important that these establishments market themselves effectively in order to maintain their businesses.These establishments rely on customer count as a source of profits especially as they sell products like food and drinks, and services such as jump and other entertainment-based gatherings. It is therefore important that these bars and clubs ensure they have a strong patronage and customer flow in order to check up on that their businesses remain competitive. In observing the bar and club scene, there is much competitor especially in a city like London. In looking at resources for these events such a s TimeOut, there is unceasingly a list of bars and clubs with their respective events.These events may include a theme night, a special guest DJ or performer, a concert, and other gimmicks. It can be also observed that these events are strongly driven by sponsorships such as partnerships with relevant products and services like alcoholic drinks, fashion labels, and other lifestyle related products and brands. In this regard, when it comes to the application of events management concept in bars and clubs, it is evident that these have had some successes. This therefore elicits shutdown inspection as to how these concepts are applied and which concepts are successful.It should be mention that due to the strong marketing element in these initiatives, these bars and clubs are also subject to what is known a product life cycle a cycle in which a product or service may start to plateau and decline. Hence, this reflects as to wherefore bars and clubs may have their time some bars and clubs that were known a few years ago may have already shut down or are losing customers because new concepts get introduced in the market. It can be also observed that trusted event themes also went through their peak and lost their lusters examples are the raves, the cream parties, and the bubble parties, among others.Hence, this shows that although generally, events management concepts work in the context of bars and clubs, they dont work all the time and are not necessarily sustainable. This thereby shows the strong association amidst a project and an event something that is unique that has beginning and an end. This research therefore aims to explore the events management concept at greater depths by means of looking at the actual applications and the patience practices.As authentic events tend to call on old, the turnover of new events concepts need to be examined, especially in a market with changing preferences and values. In addition to the aspect of events concepts, the management aspect is also examined by this paper. This is especially important as the market is volatile, and the entertainment and leisure sectors tend to get easily altered by economic and market challenges. This paper examines how events actually take place and how certain strategies may need to be formulated in order to do to challenges in resources.This therefore bring up the issues on cost management and how bars and clubs intend to profit from their events. This may then bring up certain events management concepts and applications from other event genres as applied in affairs that take place in bars and clubs. The events management manufacture in the UK is a million-pound industry considering the number of events held in the country, from conferences to major concerts. The industry also involves many sectors including those from the hospitality, entertainment and leisure services.This research therefore localises an exploration of events management in a specific conte xt, and identifies the important factors that can repair the relevant businesses and establishments in this sector. Aims and Objectives In order to have a satisfying insight on events management concepts in the context of bars and clubs establishments, this research therefore aims to achieve and implement the followingTo develop a framework of evaluation on the applicability of events management concepts as integral elements to the marketing success of bars and clubs.To establish how events management applications are integral to the success of the bars and clubs sectors.To create a workable research framework as based on the assessment of actual movements and developments in the dynamics of bar and club business in the city, especially as to how the application of events management concepts make a difference to the business of the bars and clubs. This includes both primary and secondary research.To identify the factors leading to entertainment establishment success in the context of the marketing mix, with an emphasis on the promotional dimension.Based on the sourced literature, it appears that there are a few studies with regards to events management, especially as to how these affects bars and clubs. Because of the close nature of events with projects, and due to the function of events as marketing tools especially in this specific context of the study, much of the reviewed literature touches on the marketing aspect, the project and event management resources, and some literature touching on bars, clubs, nightlife and other entertainment establishments.Review of Literature Definitions of Events ManagementEvents management can be said to have emerged from the increasing commercialisation of popular celebrations, from big affairs such as concerts to small and private gatherings. Bowdin, et al. explained that in certain historical aspects, the increasing splendor of events were noted because of the benefits they bring as enumerated through its purpose and o bjectives. An example noted by the authors were the emergence of the industry as encouraged by political and religious reasons this happened in the United Kingdom where exhibitions became a popular event that it needed to be sustained.The approach to the sustainability of events, especially as this would lead to the formation of an industry, would then survive integral to the management requirements of this practice. Across the world, the management of events would become a more formal approach in organizing festivals and other festivities. Bowdin, et al. therefore presented the following definition of events as follows (14) anything which happens result any incidence or occurrence esp (sic) a memorable one contingency or possibility of occurrence an item in a programme (of sports, etc.) a type of horseriding emulation, often held over three days (three-day event) consisting of three sections ie dressage, cross country riding and show jumping fortune or fate (obs) an form activi ty at a particular venue, eg. for gross revenue promotion or fundraising. Based on these definitions, the events that fall under event management are applicable in all aspects. Basically, the last definitiion, an organized activity at a particular venue, eg. for sales promotion or fundraising (14) can be said to already encompass what an event is.However, it should be also noted that the fundamentals of events management also refers to the uniqueness of the event, hence, it is memorable. At the same time, an event may have many sub-events such as items. Last but not the least, as based on the cited definition, an event also includes contingency or possibility of occurrence. This therefore brings up the aspect of events management in which case it is not just about ensuring that the event takes place, but also the management formalises the event in a sense that it is defined by a specific strategy.As previously mentioned, an event in the events management context becomes a project i n this case, the aspects of project management is applied. It is initially important to define what a project is, and according to Bowdin, et al, (267), an event as a project produces an asset the asset is the ultimate deliverable of the project. The management is the planning, the organizing, leading, and controlling of the project. Hence, based on these, Bowdin, et al. presented the definition of event management in the following (267)The project management of events concentrates on the management process to create the event, not just what happens at the event (it) is called the overlay as it integrates all the tasks of management. Event management is made up of a number of management areas including planning, leading, marketing, design, control and budgeting, risk management, logistics, staging and evaluation. Each of these areas continuously affect each other over the event life cycle.Shone and Parry, furthermore, mentioned that in order for an event to be managed in a similar context, the event has to be special based on this, the authors presented the following pointing out the definitions of events that are managedLeisure events (leisure, sport recreation).Personal events (weddings, birthdays, anniversaries).Organisational events (commercial, political, charitable, sales).Cultural (ceremonial, sacred, heritage, art, folklore).The Events Management Concept and Practice Event management is therefore a discipline and a practice.There are many concepts and aspects of event management that needs to be considered especially among those who specialise in certain components of the practice. One of the common perceptions of event management is its dimension as a coordinating activities. Silvers (28) mentioned that in event coordination, the coordinators visualise, organise and synchronise the different elements of an event. In addition, in event coordination, the coordinator also identifies the purpose, scope and the program of the event by means of identifyin g its intent, extent, and content.Another important point raised by Silvers (28) is that, in promise with the past discussions on the nature of event management as similar or related to project management, the author also further mentioned the processes involved both in the coordination and the management of events. These aspects, for instance, is through the discussion on the Project Scope (28-29)Identifying the needs and requirements of the event including the definition of its purpose and the expected outcomes.The rendering of the product as spelled out by the type of event.Product analysis or the identification of the components of the product.The feasibility of the product as based on the analysis of the resources.From these, the event becomes more definite through the design of a score Breakdown Structure and Activity Schedule (29). Another important approach in event management can be considered in the perceptions of the customers, competition and the sponsors. Silvers dis cussed the aspect of the consumers and the competition. According to the author, the customers make up the marketing realm of the event (30).Hence, it is important to identify a target segment because this helps in the design of the event, from its scope to its marketing to its implementation. Silvers also discussed the competition for cases such as bars and clubs, any weekend night poses a great amount of competition for any establishment holding an event that night.As the author stressed, it is significant that the bar or club is aware what kind of other events that will take place in another establishment. It is therefore in the strategy of the club or bar owner, along with its hired events specialist, to determine how to best approach competition.

A Legacy to Education Essay

The philosophy of learning, take aiming and serving is a taxonomic approach to providing an breedingal experience that is developmental and individualized. To instill is to learn, to fail and to overhaul, colleagues, scholars, the conjunction and to square up the world we live in with what we contribute learned.The philosophy of a assimilator is to have an instructive knowledge that is developmental and individualized. A learner with experiential, life-centered and a relevant learning gentilityal experience testament buy the farm toward self-directed learning. I get away behind impact Learners lives with education that is valued as a resource where learning is driven, first by internal motivators rather than external motivators. (Western Michigan University Department of Therapy 1995) I go out have a positive influence on learners by victimization the art of teaching. With my skills acquired by my experience and study and the science of my occupation, I willing impac t their learning experience and accelerate their abilities to its highest potential.I will be remembered for my emphases on creating an atmosphere for learning, bringing qualified data through first appearance and innovation, of the highest quality, including unpredicted events into the lessons. Learners will remember me as a teacher, and an artist whos medium of expression is spontaneous, unpredictable, unrehearsed, and a God created experience of learning between teacher and student. (Parkay and Stanford) The legacy I bring to learners in the field of education believes that all students can learn in an effective and collaborative course that will maximize my learned skills, as well as my students learning and ability to achieve. (COE Conceptual cloth)I will lead in the field of education by serving pupils, contemporaries, and the public with perseveration and appealing to a diverse global community in the rule of learning and achieving their highest God-given level, to achie ve the highest values in life, that they may in turn, influence their shifting world with positive contributions. (GCU COE) I will lead by teaching learners to develop critical thinking skills, to develop a kind support system for learning, and to be able to tap into their most intelligence officer learning styles and to develop lifelong learning skills. (Knowles, M. Holton, E. & Swanson R. 1998) I will lead in diverse educational settings and apply the theories and concepts learned in my weapons platform of study, to meet the needs of learners PK-12th grade. (COE Learner goal 6)My legacy and will in the field of education is to serve with my God-Given talents in a positive, purposed and passionate musical mode that will instill value to the profession of teaching, that will be remembered by my students, colleagues and community as someone who made a difference in the lives of those I touched. I will make a difference in those lives while serving by exhibiting the highest profess ional disposition, demonstrating the art of teaching and the science of teaching that impact the educational community as well as my own professional growth and development. (COE Conceptual Framework) I will serve using teaching skills that reflect the HQT requirements of the state and Higher Education discipline Institution and my best professional development skills. (COE)The legacy I will leave with my students is imparted knowledge of critical thinking skills, analytical and evaluating skills, survival skills, that will live on and pass on from generation to generation. My legacy is a gift that will keep on giving, long after the line of achievement is over, learning and teaching will go on. I will leave a legacy of the passion to learn, to share to grow and thrive and to be an asset to the community. I leave a legacy of believing in myself, and believing in my students, and inspiring them to finish, completing what they have started and I have started within them. I leave the Legacy that they will remember that the muckle of our world and humanity is in their hands, so learn and teach and teach and learn, from the cradle to the grave. (Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSO teacher of the year 2008)REFERENCESCollege of Education Conceptual FrameworkCollege of Educational Conceptual Framework (Learner goal 6)Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSOS Teacher of year 2008)Western Michigan University (Department of Occupational Therapy 1995)Knowles, Malcolm, Holton, Elwood & Swann, Richard. (1998 The Adult Learner & piece Resource Development)Forrest Parkay & Beverly Hardcastle Stanford, (Becoming a Teacher)

The Development of the Western Frontier between 1866 and 1890

The Trans-Mississipi atomic number 74 comprises the region that spans from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains (Client file, n. pag. ). It is estimated to be 1,000 miles long from eastward to western hemisphere and is about 1,500 miles from north to south (Client file, n. pag. ). The Trans-Mississippi west (also known as the extensive Plains, the westbound bourn or the prairie) was inhabited by more than 300,000 primordial Americans, collectively referred to as the Plains Indians (Client file, n. pag. ).Prior to the gracious War, the Western Frontier was by and large unpopulated by pioneers (although it was under the reckon of the United States government done the Louisiana Purchase in 1803) (Client file, n. pag. ). Some chute-the-chute trains did pass through the area en route to Oregon or California, but these were dedicate to do so unmolested (in sharp contrast to Hollywood films) (Client file, n. pag. ). In return, the payment of tributes in the form of cha nge state, jewelry, metal utensils or other items want by the tribes was required (Client file, n. ag. ). However, the homestead Act of 1862 (passed during the Civil War) encouraged expatriation to the Western Frontier (Client file, n. pag. ). Under the act, settlers can avail of a 160-acre plowshare of land for a small filing fee worth $10 (Client file, n. pag. ). In addition, they can obtain the full title to the land in spite of appearance five years if they were able to make significant improvements on it (planting crops, verbalism houses, raising livestock, etc. ) (Client file, n. pag. ).As a result, homesteaders, miners and ranchers trespassed on Indian lands and jeopardize the Plains Indians hunting and way of life (Client file, n. pag. ). This left the Plains Indians with no other woof but to use armed resistance (Client file, n. pag. ). The hostilities betwixt the Plains Indians and the US sawhorse (called on by the settlers to crush Indian opposition and to confin e tribes in government-controlled reservations) that ensued were eventually called the Western Indian Wars (1866-1890) (Client file, n. ag. ). Despite the attractive terms of the Homestead Act of 1862, around 60% of emigrants gave up on their homesteads before the terminal of the five-year period (Client file, n. pag. ). Reasons for doing so included lack of water supply, Indian attacks, sour winters, soil that was unfit for planting and nearlytimes-deadly conflicts with ranchers, who saw homesteads as a check-out procedure to cattle grazing (Client file, n. pag. ). On the other hand, those who remained endured extreme hardships just to survive.They worked very hard under sub-zero winters and summers that often reached more than a hundred degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) (Client file, n. pag. ). Unable to afford houses made of wood, they lived in houses create of sod and cocksucker (Client file, n. pag. ). They also experienced infestations of locusts, which would eat their cr ops, as well as the drapes of their houses and their clothing (Client file, n. pag. ). Adding to their list of burdends were natural disasters such as storms and tornadoes (Client file, n. pag. ).The homesteaders privations were so great that annals professor Frederick Jackson Turner hypothesized in his thesis in 1890 that some(prenominal) of Americas free and democratic spirit was forged by the existence of an open frontier to the west (Client file, n. pag. ). A nonher important advancement in the Western Frontier was the transcontinental Railroad. The absence of a railway system in the region isolated Oregon and California (already states) from the rest of the US they stood completely at the edge of the country and were accessible simply by wagon train, ship or boat (Client file, n. ag. ). President Abraham Lincoln and the US social intercourse backed a line act which authorized the presence of a railroad across the continent, but it was not implemented until the end of the Civil War (Client file, n. pag. ).The construction of the railroad started in 1864 the Union Pacific was built westward from Omaha, Nebraska, while the Central Pacific was erected eastward from Sacramento, California (Client file, n. pag. ). even out if only 40 miles of track were laid by 1865, the pace of the multitude increased at the end of war (Client file, n. ag. ). Majority of the workers that were recruited for the building of the railroad were from minority groups such as blacks, Mexicans, Asians and Irish (Client file, n. pag. ). Despite delays in construction (storms, harsh winters, occasional Indian attacks, migration of large buffalo herds, etc. ), the Transcontinental Railroad was finally completed at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869 (Client file, n. pag. ). The Transcontinental Railroad boosted commerce in the Western Frontier, in particular the cattle industry (Client file, n. pag. ).Even though the cattle industry was already a major part of the western ec onomy, the lack of transportation hindered its expanding upon into the eastern part of the US (Client file, n. pag. ). Hence, the emergence of railroads in the Western Frontier (along with entrepreneurs such as Joseph McCoy, who promoted beef as tasty and healthy) increased the beg for beef in the east (Client file, n. pag. ). Cowboys would drive large herds of cows from Texas and bleak Mexico to railheads townspeoples on or near the rail line, such as outwit City, Abilene, Wichita and Colorado Springs (Client file, n. ag. ). Once in the railheads, the cattle would be kept in large pens or yards, where they would be fattened for market in the east (Client file, n. pag. ). During this time, a cowboy was paid unremarkably around $25-$30 per month (Client file, n. pag. ). Railheads (also known as railhead towns or cow towns) became prosperous not only because of the cattle industry, but also because of saloons or dance halls, where cowboys spent their capital on liqour, gambli ng and women (Client file, n. pag. ).It is likewise the saloon that gave railheads their reputation for lawlessness (Client file, n. pag. ). nevertheless it must be noted that this image was largely seen only in Hollywood films (Client file, n. pag. ). For one, most railheads were strict when it comes to accelerator pedal control (Client file, n. pag. ). Gun control laws in railheads were enforced by tough sheriffs or marshalls with shotgun-toting deputies one gun control law that they strictly implemented was that cowboys should surrender their guns to them while they were in town (Client file, n. pag. ).In addition, the saloon area in a railhead was unremarkably located in the opposite direction of the respectable side of the town to minimize the possibility of untoward incidents (Client file, n. pag. ). Lastly, contrary to Hollywood films, cowboys were not placed criminals but just regular and adventurous young men allow off steam after several months of hard work (Client f ile, n. pag. ). most gunfights were spontaenous events in a saloon or in the street between angry or drunken men who had not been relieved of their guns (Client file, n. pag. ).They usually fought over poker-related disputes, a woman, a perceived insult or some ongoing enmity between long-time adversaries (Client file, n. pag. ). In most railheads, the murder commit was acutally lower than the murder rate of many large American cities in the latter half of the twentieth century (Client file, n. pag. ). Furthermore, extensive research has turn up that in the period between 1870-1900, only five gun duels occurred in the entire Western Frontier (Client file, n. pag. ). It is true that emigration led to the development of the Trans-Mississipi west.However, it must be kept in mind that this progress did not come without a price the Western Indian Wars killed around 1,000 US Cavalry soldiers and led to the death and enslavement of millions of Plains Indians (McConnell, n. pag. ). It wo uld be fair to submit that the circumstances surrounding the expansion of the Trans-Mississipi west became one of the precursors for future instances of US political, economic and military aggression abroad. The strategy remains the same infract the country (or in this case, region) as much as you can, fill the peoples minds with deceiving propaganda and hack on off a few thousand heads when necessary.

Optimism and Robinson Crusoe

A pessimist agrees difficulty in e truly opportunity an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty Winston Churchill From the time human were born, they have been facing up with difficulty, every time, everywhere, and never miss eitherone. Our races have catch and pass on overcome abundant problems, no matter how complex they were or they will be.And, very natural, it is the optimism that leads us from victory to victory, like Churchill had said make us see the light, even the slightest, in the darkness. We always see the just how optimism has assisted we human, in term of both literature, in the novel Robinson Crusoe, and the history of medical lore. Sometimes, cosmos bullish is the best thing people can do, which is shown clearly in Robinson Crusoe. The protagonist, Robinson, is lost on an island. He himself with manages to survive and even make his behavior on the island become more comfortable.He has never given up hopes or lost his optimism, always thinks that one da y he will come back home. Not once does he succumb to the mickle and be depressed like many other would be in that type. His optimism and his indefatigable make his hope finally be fulfilled he is able get back to his country after 28 age on the island in the sea. If he was non ruby about his life sentence and just believed hopelessly that he would die in that island, he would not be able to success. This fact strongly substantiates how optimism can change our life even in the most trying circumstance.Provided that we keep being optimistic and try our best, we can overcome any problems in life. Another case when optimism plays an essential role is in medical science, where we day to day battle with many deadly infirmitys, one of which is AIDS. AIDS, which has infected million of people and caused a lot of death, is one of our biggest problems in the 21st century. There was once it is believed that this disease is incapable of being cured but the scientist did not lose on t hat point will.They had made indefatigable effort to scrutinize AIDS and they are sanguine that one day in the future AIDS will be curable. Time passed by and this notion has been gradually proven. Today, many breakthroughs in science have shed light on AIDS, thought there are not medicine that can cure AIDS, it has been strongly believed that in the come along future, when we fully understand AIDS, it will be curable. People, with optimism can overcome any things in our life which has been proven through the history of our race. It is optimism which is the most beta factor of any victories.

Abundance of drama Essay

She and the opposite girls give the stirs of h unrivaledst people who had nonhing to do with witchery leaving the re nominate with a prominent hysterical close as every the girls try to cleanse themselves of the confrontation with Beelzebub hinting at the rising prospects of the play. The pr make believeise steadily earns up to when Tituba is acc utilise at the end of the coiffure of witchcraft. Each ingredient of the, story, which we k at a time is hear swear, is added until it comes together and at that place is sufficient indicate for her to be accused by Hale.The story, which has been building, hold ins a turn and instead of the meddlesome nature of which it started, it becomes more doing orientated and becomes a name and humble game where people argon incorrectly charge and gives a outstanding effect to the audience. This final dramatic scene of the act is placed there to end the act with a mini peak of the story and to redeem the audience interested and wanting more. Act dickens begins with a gigantic conversation in the midst of observe and his wife.They talk almost the every sidereal day things nonwithstanding the stage directions and language moth miller uses, like the scene with keep an eye on and Abigail, strongly projects the dramatic effect on the audience and emotions of the relationship. admonisher is not at ease with his wife, the atmosphere appears tense and uncomfortable. He attempts to make conversation, are you healthy today? which is not the sort of thing a hubby would say to his wife. He tries to make her happy by complimenting her its healthy seas one(a)d and grinning.It is obvious that the atmosphere could be cut with a poke as gently as he can depicts that he is guardedly choosing his give-and-takes and trying to be a good husband hardly desperately trying not to bring up the affair. But it is not in vain as discretion Proctor reacts warmly to him, redden with pleasure great(p) an inkling th at she hitherto make sack outs him. Though the feeling is that of high treason and guilt there is a warm, gentle fragment of loyalty and love emancipated out of their conversation, which proves they still both feel love towards one another.bloody shame Warren comes in to the house- defend to discuss the events which took place in capital of Oregon earlier on and that, Aye a proper court they have direct. Theyve displace four judges out of Boston, and that 39 women have been accused of witchcraft. She thus proceeds to talk about the accused and that Mrs Proctor has been accused. This shocks them and that Rebecca nurse has in addition been accused, as she is a well-respected person in the Salem community and adds to the drama. twain of the women have enemies who wish to destroy them (Abigail and Mrs Putnam) and two rival circumstanceions are in a flash clearly taking form, fragility Proctor is detained. The home scene between Proctor and his wife is placed forward she is ar rested to dramatically show how innocent and plain Goody Proctor was and the contrast of her seeing John in the wrong by her being arrested, this dramatically portraits injustice. Proctors pull throughs towards the arrest of his wife are dramatic as he runs out adding to the action and pace of the scene, I depart not have her chained The fact he give not have her chained when they are classical to do so indicates conflict and gives drama, the use of an apostrophe shows his anger again adds gives a dramatic effect to the audiences Towards the end of the act pressure level is placed on a region this time it is Mary who is being pressurised by the instantaneously fiery Proctor due his wifes imprisonment. Proctor tries to describe Mary to tell the court about the poppet which Mrs Proctor was arrested for, You will tell the court how the poppet come here. Mary claims she cannot, which she repeats and she begins to cry.Proctors language creates his mentality with the omnipotenc e of his language and the harsh anger which has built up inside to terrify Mary to get her to divulge her information to the court, Aye natural And the wind will, gods icy wind will blow His use of the word icy creates the chilling ominous threat to all the people who are dishonest and shows that he himself would not do it or he would be severely hypocritical. This, from what he said, is the first indication of his stern and ethical character and that Marys character is frail and easily manipulated both by Abigail and Proctor. none only does the dramatic structure give the end of the act a dramatic finish but also the end of the act uses language to get across the seriousness and religious terror being brewed in Salem. Act trinity is set in the courtroom, the cases are being investigated and the questions and debating ensues. Mary now forced by Proctor to support Goody Proctor tells the court that she lied the day before. However she shows her weakness when she herself is blamed by Abigail, and cracks when Abigail condemns her by pretending that there is a spirit conjured by Mary, Let me go Mr Proctor, I cannot, I cannot.This leads to Proctor to loose his sang-froid and condemn Abigail for doing all of this to spite him and to rid the world of his wife. He now has to admit to committing the sin of adultery I have known her sir This leads us to the turning point in the play. Proctor reveals to the court that his wife never tells a lie and that she would tell the court about his affair. By stating the truth it would obviously mean that she was telling the truth about the witchcraft and proving her purity but would she be able to disgrace Proctors, name, which means so more to the people of the time period that the play was set.Millers dramatic structure brings the play to a mini climax if not the well-nigh important one by great structuring of the play the play areaes a cross-roads. If Goody Proctor tells the truth it undermines everything that Abigail has said and shows her as a prevaricator and everyone wrongly accused is released and brings about the end of court. But if she lies it means that all the people who have kept their morality and not lied will be charged. It defines the future of the factions and the play, having been built up throughout the opening acts.This is well dramatically structured to create complete unpredictability and a backbone of curiosity as to how it will end. She is brought in and interrogated. Goody Proctors body language portraits the tension liking her lips to stall for time now created in the court, as they all know this is the defining moment. She thinks about what she should say and glances at Proctor looks for help. In, agony, she answers the questions. Hard thought and constant silent pauses build the pressure within the room, Is your husband a lecher? Danforth the judge asks her. No. The pressure is lifted and the stomach churning feeling of the characters and audience takes over, this i s summed up by the comment, oh god when Goody Proctor realises what shes done. But by lying, going against everything she stands for. She obviously forgives Proctor as she took one for him when he had committed adultery this shows the romantic drama that she loves him so much she would give up her morals for his name. Abigail then starts off again pretending to draw aid on to herself, that Mary is conjuring spirits and uses her power to create citizenry ferocity.Miller liberally uses exclamation marks to emphasise the shouting and adding to the usual madness of the courtroom. Abigails actions are dramatised and create a lot of idolize, Abigail pointing with fear and which is added to by having all the girls at once shouting. It gives a fearful mission that the girls are possessed by some sought of satanic spirit. Mary shifts the blame onto Proctor who is then accused by the court. This is dramatically used as the story declines after the climax in act three and the story nee ds to be built up quickly to reach the final climax.In Act four this is done by the hysteria and the fact that Proctor is now being blamed by Abigail and ironically the reason the trouble started was because she wanted him, now she is getting rid of him and achieving nothing. In Act four Proctor has an emotional talk with his wife as she tries to persuade him to confess and be released. Miller goes to work on free the audiences heart strings a pull victimization again language and stage actions to show the emotions of love and despair and create a great sense of drama using dramatic devices.Goody Proctor has forgiven him and believes whatever, he does it is good man that does it, and thinks she drove him to have an affair. She states that, John, I counted myself so plain, so poorly made no honest love could come to me Suspicion kissed you when I did. She thinks that there was nothing to love about her and before it was not her who kissed him but personified. This also implies that now when they talk and hold each other it is pure love for the first time in their relationship bringing a sense of romanticism to the ordeal that theyve been through.Millers dramatically structure places the conversation before the final and eventual(prenominal) climax to act as the calm before the storm and to affix the pressure on John and ultimately be decisive to the final sequence of events. Proctor is to be hung but because he was persuaded he confesses but all the official figures want his confession in writing. By doing this he is giving up his, name. He realises that he will die before he will give up his name and rips up his heart which he had signed.This then brings us to the most powerful and dramatic action within the whole play in my opinion as, His breast heaving, his look staring, Proctor tears up the paper and crumples it, and he is weeping in fury, but still erect. This shows that he will not sign outside(a) his, name, showing his courage. He has thrown a ce ntering his life but still stands erect, theyve pushed him all the way physically and mentally but he has not fallen keeping his dignity, ethics and pride, which we know mean so much to him as does his life which is why it is so dramatic.Miller has created a twist luring the audience in with Goody Proctors persuasion, hooking them in with signing the confession but masking the fact he was to rip up his life, and die for what he believes and becoming a type of martyr or tragic hero. Millers, The Crucible, is structured to gain dramatic effect. Each act takes on the same structure and has very similar properties. The first two scenes to begin with build up information about variant events, which take place off stage.All acts build up to a climax, giving away hints about the next act and each act ends with pressure being placed on a certain character. Act one it is Tituba act two it is Mary act three Mary and Mrs Proctor and act four John Proctor. The Crucible is a fitting name for t he play as a crucible is a melting pot, which finally displaces the pure from the waste. Which also happens in the play each act is a small melting pot as in act one, the different things are added by way of the story being built up and then agitateed. The heat in act one is Hale and overall the whole play is a melting pot.The story built up, the heat added by the way of the court and the pure displaced from the waste. The pure, being the characters that wouldnt suck on the blame because they were too strong and would not give up their morals. The irony is that the people who deserved to be killed i. e. Abigail and Paris compared to the remorseful Proctor and the innocent Rebecca nurse. Miller created a dramatic play by incorporating dramatic language, stage directions and the play is structured in such a way that it gives the audience an abundance of drama.

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling

space culture should switch over chemical formula schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling refers to the education of boorren at home, typic bothy by p arnts or tutors, unlike the formal settings of schools. In umpteen countries around the world, children argon non legally obligated to at scarper school. In England, France, Canada, the United States and Australia, it is suddenly legal for p atomic number 18nts to educate their kids at home. Homeschooling is becoming more popular each twenty-four hour tip, with a growth rate of 7 to 15 percent per form over the world. There are about two million children shortly earning at home in the world.Homeschooled kids do well on interchangeable tests, are welcome at college and universities, and as adults, ease up a story for being self- directed see to iters and reliable employees. This essay is going to examine whether homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Ho ng Kong. Homeschooling makes children miss the golden relegate to practice their social skills. School is the miniature of society. One inevitably to have non exclusively hit the sackledge of the world, but also interpersonal conversation skills in order to survive, non to mention excel in a society.If a child is taught at home solely by his/ her parents, the child misses the chance to meet and interact with other kids. Peer training has decisive benefits as well. By communicating with friends, students can improve their interpersonal skills. Homeschooled children cannot conduce part in extra-curricular activities like debate, choir and team sports. As synergistic learning is such an important component in mod education, homeschooling deprives children of their chance to develop their social skills and network, and even friends. Furthermore, home is not the most qualified environment for learning which lower he effectiveness of learning.Home cannot domiciliate many a( prenominal) diametrical hardware which can only be provided by day schools. For instance, the different kinds of experiments must be conducted in a safety weaponed and qualified laboratory . The many apparatus like Bunsen Burner, funnel and beaker can only be found in a laboratory. Home can never provide such hardware to support the divers(a) learning needfully of children . The equipment of language labs, music room and library only appear in a school setting. Besides, there are in addition many temptations at home, such as television nd information processing system games, which would prevent children from concentrating on learning.Homeschooling undermines the development of creative thought process. Parents-to- children direction is atter all the indoctrination ot parents thought and values system to their children. In Hong Kong, most parents are very touch on about their children and hope them have a bright future. Therefore, they whitethorn sample to give what they think is the best to the children. It is common that parents force their children to have diffuse lesson, choir practice, drawing class and so on in Hong Kong. Parents tend to orcefully spoon feed what they want their children to know.In many cases, children cannot develop multiple thinking perspectives. They Just do what their parents ask them to do. Their creativity and critical thinking, which are highly-valued in todays competitive world, can hardly be formed. On the other hand, it is not suitable to implement home-schooling in Hong Kong. Most parents have full snip Job. They do not have time to teach their children. Moreover, parents are not professional in teaching when compared to trained teachers. They whitethorn not know how to teach their children effectively. Also, it is impossible for parents to know all knowledge of different subjects.In school, teachers are specialize in few subjects and they can concentrate on those subjects to hold teaching materials. According to Bill and Ana Moody, who homeschool their children, they admitted that it is hard to teach acquaintance topics in good order at home. They do not have sufficient knowledge of learning and science requires to do experiments. Homeschooling brings another problem how to assess the ability of students? Hong Kong is a knowledge-based society, it is important to have certificates to prove nes academic Usually, one will quiver a Job easily with higher education level.Different jobs have different required education levels. If homeschooling is implemented, there is no standard to assess students unless all students Join public examinations offered by authorized organization and the Education Bureau. Homeschooling does not provide a standard to assess whether students has understand the knowledge fully. As every parents and tutors may have design a different programme for students, there is no standard of what basic knowledge that students should learn.Some people argued that a unified e ducation system simply cannot cater for the individual needs of each and every student and, therefore, homeschooling is a better way for children to learn as it is more flexible which can cater individuals needs. It can provide a tailor-made learning schedule which can cater learning speed of the children and specific requirements by those who best understand them their parents. It may lease students a more flexible combination of subjects which cater for individual needs. This would conjure up interest in study, giving students the initiative to learn.However, small class teaching , which is quite popular in Hong Kong, can also cater the needs of different children. Due to the decreasing birth rate, schools started to implement small-class teaching and has littler teacher-to student ratio. This allows teachers to pay more attention to each student in class. Flexible combination of subjects can also be achieved by bare-ass curriculum. In the past, usually students were divided in to art, science and commerce classes and they were only allowed to adopt subjects which are related to each other. Now, students under the new curriculum are allowed to choose subjects freely.For example, student can choose to study Biology, a science subject, and grapny, an art subject. Some also claimed that homeschooling can enhance c support family relationship. However, this may not be true. Conflicts and arguments are easily happened when parents stay with their children all the time. Parents may easily lose temper when their children are not listening to them or cannot follow their teaching schedule as they are more emotionally affected when facing their own children. Moreover, children may easily lose density on learning as there are too many temptations at home as mentioned before.If parents punished their children for this, the parent- child relationship would suffer. entirely in all, homeschooling should not replace normal schooling for the betterment of students as th ere are too many weaknesses of homeschooling though admitted that normal schooling has its flaws. In the current education system, students are required to study a fixed and long syllabus within a short period of time. Students study under tremendous pressure and may eventually lose interest in study. However, homeschooling neglects the social development of children which is vital in modern society.

Compare the first impressions of school we receive in ‘Hard Times’ and ‘To Sir with Love’ Essay

Charles Dickens desexualise the play in the 1850s during the industrial revolution in Lancashire. unuttered measure is set in a township c each(prenominal)ed Coaltown which is stricken with poverty and this is reflected in most of the towns inhabitants-in their garb and in the way they facet. There is a spectacular rift between the rich and the poor and the rich like this arrangement. The discipline which the children go to is more like a military training camp, where the children ar taught only factsTeach these boys and girls nothing but factsFacts al i(a) be valued in lifeThe children at this school are partiti adeptd-boys on one side of the classroom and the girls on the new(prenominal). The inculcateers are all male.To Sir with Love is set in the East End of London during the 1960s, this was a period of revolt and change with teachers unable to punish school-age childs, and certain people took this opportunity to shake up havoc, with the powerless teachers unable t o do boththing. The class in the play come along from working, families and are all dressed scruffily.In Dickens Hard clock the pupils are not allowed to let their minds wonder, they are taught constantly. The classes were run by organisations and in or so places there were up to a thousand pupils in one room, they are all taught at once, their age is irrelevant. The teachers are shown an amazing make out of respect and the children would never backchat or disobey any pitch they were given. Since there were so umpteen a(prenominal) children being taught the teachers addressed them by a number instead of name. The teachers in Hard Times, all dress in suites in an attempt to gain even more respect than they have-this is virtually impossible.To Sir with Love is a complete contrast the children have a prize of what to wear, even though they come from working class families, they still look like the children in Hard TimesThose rough looking unfastidious childrenThe teachers fi rst impression of the pupils is lazy, dirty scruffy kids, they talk in befool and at the start they act like kids always shouting and riotThe actors line bloody and bleeding were hardly ever absent from any remarkBoth sexes interact constantly especially during break when they all start dancing in the hall. During classes the pupils annoy their teacher so often that he gives up teaching and throws all the text books in the bin- this is very symbolic beca hold it is when he stops treating them as kids and starts treating them as adults. This is when the teaching moves on from teaching facts to telling them about life (e.g. how to behave, address each other, lecture properly etc).The pupils and teachers in Hard Times have no own(prenominal) relationship, in fact the teachers try too rid the pupils of any undesired imagination or personalityYou are never to fancyThis basically translates to you are not allowed to imagine or have your own opinions. fit to the teachers there i s only one way to live and they mould the pupils into their entire image of person, leaving no room for argument.The relationship between pupil and teacher in To Sir with Love changes as the play progresses, it starts off with the pupils ignoring whatever their teachers and not cooperating, this is only while he is trying to teach them facts, the of import reason they shun him is because he acts and dresses like a gentleman (he is variant to them). Everything changes when he throws the books away because they understand that he isnt like their other teachers and is really like them-he has faced all the problems that they have faced-and with measure they build up to respect him and almost foreboding about him, just as he does them. Unique things happen for illustration the teacher look ats taught about their lives and he gains an cortical potential into why teenagers are the way they are . after he hears some of their problems he feels compassion for them. He treats them as individuals whereas in Hard Times they are treated as objects and the teachers dont really care about any of them.The language used in Dickens Hard Times starts significantly with the title which on its own signifies a time of poverty, unemployment and a general struggle. The names of the teachers also have hidden meanings-Mr Choakumchild is one name which as soon as you say it the word cronk comes to mind-as in choking the fancy out of his pupils. Mr Gradgrinds name brings words like hard work and grinding or crushing. As in crushing the imagination out of pupils. They lecture very formal/ exemplification English.The book often repeats that Mr. Gradgrind is square, this means he is dull and softened but also suggests that he is sharp, rigid and harsh, it is repeated so that you stir up the picture about him. As well as how square Mr Gradgrind is, you get the message that all that should be learnt is facts since it is shouted by the teachers so many times. The language used tel ls a lot about characters and how they behave/teach, for example Mr Choakumchild is said to have too much knowledge and so cannot teach as well as he couldIf he had only lettered a little less how infinitely better he force have taught much moreIn To Sir with Love the characters use of language varies between each person. The teacher talks in polite, standard English. Whereas the pupils use an informal colloquial speech with an Anglo-Saxon dialect mixed in (Swearing). The teacher speaks with respect. He wants to help the pupils and tries to set a good example. He is well educated and wishes no harm to anybody.There are many things that are the same in both plays, yet there are also a lot of things that vary as well-the teachers all speak aristocratic whereas the pupils speak colloquially, also in both novels the teachers try to do their best to help their pupils even though they do it in many different ways.

Cultural Competency of Nursing Essay

As nurses, we not only hire to understand heathenish competency, but we also have to be sure not to popularise groups of people. Each client is an individual, and it is grievous to form a therapeutic relationship so we can dread for each specific client. Each client has his/her own needs just because two people are of the like finis, it doesnt mean that he/she believes in the same thing. In turn, nurses need to understand their own culture and mental pictures before caring for a person of a different culture or beliefs. In our re depend, we chose four peer-reviewed, critical journal articles found though the Lambton College data base (CINAHL). We began with a search of cultural competency and then narrowed the search down finished specific cultures which are within the Sarnia Lambton area. Understanding CulturesThere are much different cultures throughout Canada nurses need to be aware of the different manages and beliefs of diverse cultures. The dominant cultures we find in Sarnia-Lambton are Native American, easterly Indian and Chinese. Native AmericanTraditional Native Americans place great entertain on family and spiritual beliefs. They believe that a state of health is an existence, and it is in existence when they are in complete balance with spirit. They view affection as a disparity between the woozy person and nature or the unearthly. Death is a journey to another world, and the spirit neer dies (Plain, 2014). When grief the dead it is the custom not to speak about them. talk is seen as stopping the dead from travelling to the next world (Groot Alberts, 2012, p. 160).East IndianThe Muslim culture has a strong spiritual beliefBoth life and ending are under the control of God. When an ill Muslim patient sees a physician, he/she only want to hunch forward the diagnosis he/she does not want to know any condemnation frames, since life is an act of. In death, Muslim culture is based on reducing the patients pain and suffering. Nur ses need to allow while for families to pray when working with Muslim patients as they have strong beliefs in religion and a nurse must never try to take their own beliefs on a patient (Saccomano & Abbatiello, 2014, p. 31). ChineseTraditional Chinese culture is unlike Canadian cultureTalking about death or infirmity is considered a taboo. They do not talk to their health sustainment provider about death, because talking about death or illness insinuates that it is going to happen. Instead, they keep silent about it to relieve stress and surpass hope to the person. Generally, it is the male family member that makes decisions on behalf of the person (Saccomano & Abbatiello, 2014, p.31). Understanding the knobNurses cannot generalize groups of people every client is an individual and has the right to be treated as one. It is important to form a good talk to build a relationship between the patient and the nurse. This enables the patient to chair to their care and the allows the nurse to provide the best care possible. It is extremely important to educate, involve the patient, incorporate the family and utilize traditions and beliefs, using effective communication and culture safety mechanisms (McCracken, 2014, p. 28). A nurse must communicate with patients about how he/she would like care performed on him/her and the nurses goal is to ascertain the patient feels empowered and unique (McCracken, 2014, p. 28). The patient indicates what is suitable and important for them. At times print materials or non-verbal communication may be more constructive. ConclusionCanada is a diverse, multi-cultural country and the provision of culturally competent care by nurses is important aspect of their practice. Every culture regards health other than depending on their practices and beliefs.Nurses must examine their own beliefs and prejudices as well as respect and have an awareness of other cultures. In delivering nursing care we must allow effective interactions and th e development of appropriate responses to persons from diverse cultures, races, and heathen backgrounds (Masteral, 2014). Todays nurses must have cultural awareness in themselves and cultural knowledge of others.ReferencesGroot-Alberts, L. (2012). The lament of a broken heart mourning and grieving in different cultures. Progress in Palliative Care, 20(3), 158-162. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com McCracken, D. (2014). care for in a bicultural society. Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 20(1), 28-29. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Mcgee, P., & Johnson, M. (2014). Developing cultural competence in palliative care. British Journal of Community Nursing, 19(2), 91-93. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Saccomano, S., & Abbatiello, G. (2014). Cultural considerations at the end of life. The Nurse Practitioner. 39(2), 24-31. doi 10.1097/01.NPR.0000441908.16901.2e Zager, S., & Yancy, M. (2011). A call to improve practice concerning cultural sensitivity in advance directives A review of the lit erature. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. doi 10.111/j.1741-6787.2011.00222.x Masteral, L., (2013) Multicultural Health Care Setting. Retrieved from http//www.studymode.com.html

Beautiful Mind Essay

lavatory Nash first arrives as a hot graduate student at Princeton University. There he meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best consort. He also meets a congregation of other promising math and science graduate students.John sometimes goes out to a bar with his fellow students to try to meet women, moreover is always unsuccessful. However, the experience is what ultimately inspires his counterfeit in the concept of organization dynamics, a theory in mathematical economics. After the conclusion of Johns studies as a student at Princeton, he accepts a instilling offer at a prestigious institution, along with his friends sol and Bender. It is while at this post that he meets Alicia, a student with whom he f all t olds in love and eventually marries. While at Princeton, Nash runs into his origin roommate Charles and meets Charless young niece Marcee.John Nash receives an invitation to the Pentagon to crack a daedal encryption of enemy codes . He is able to decipher these codes mentally, impressing a original mysterious William Parcher. This man later encourages John Nash to work for the government by looking for patterns in magazines and newspapers for a Soviet Plot. Involvement with Parcher came with chase scenes and gunfire, Nash eventually became paranoid and began behaving aggressively.In an attempt to help out a friend, so followed Nash during angiotensin converting enzyme of his late night top clandestine drop offs. hither Nash was seen placing enveloped documents in a mailbox at an abandoned establishment. Then one day during a lecture, Nash was caught trying to flee. He was sedated and sent to a psychiatrical facility where he was interrogated.Alicia Nash, desperate to help her husband, visits the abandoned building and to find the never-opened top secret documents that Nash dropped there. She confronted her husband with this evidence, which at first he tried to deny true. Eventually he realized that Will iam Parcher and the top secret missions were in fact all a delusion.He had to go through a painful series of insulin shock therapy sessions. Afterwards Nash is released on the teach that he agrees to take antipsychotic medication. These drugs however, had side effects that affected his kind with his wife. Frustrated, He secretly stops taking medication, which triggered a relapse. While washup their baby, Nash becomes distracted and wanders off. Fortunately his wife manages to save their child from drowning. When she confronts Nash, he claims that his friend Charles was watching their son.Alicia was alarmed desperately trying to contact professional help. Charles, Marcee, and Parcher all appear to John and urge him to kill his wife rather than lease her to lock him up again. Just when Alicia was about to leave, Nash finally realizes that these people ar not real when he observes that Marcee never gets old. Only accordingly does he accept that all three of these people are, in f act, part of his psychosis.From then on, Nash tries to live with these delusions by ignoring them. In his struggle to ignore these hallucinations, he approaches his old friend and rival Martin Hansen, now head of Princeton University. He is accepted to teach again. He is honored by his fellow professors for his achievement in mathematics. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his revolutionary work on game theory. He got up and gave out his speech.

Euthymol Toothpaste

Abstract In this marketing report, I allow essay our product which call Euthymol toothpaste. Firstly, I am going to describe the background of Johnson and Johnson, Euthymol toothpaste is distributed by this connection. After that, I will talk ab proscribed how we did the survey about this product. Then I am going to focus on the product and analyse it by using secondary research and survey results, it includes product, harm, place and promotion. Finally, I will bankrupt virtually suggestions to this product. Introduction Euthymol toothpaste was marked by Warner-Lambert, but now it is distributed by Johnson and Johnson. J&J is an American public company.It was founded in 1886, in that respect ar three founders, they atomic number 18 Rober Wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson. The initiative of this company is to encourage community to live healthy and helping the tribe who trouble about health, and it has widest health c atomic number 18 product in th e world. Euthymol toothpaste is an old gull toothpaste, it has strong test and dazzling pink garble. intimately of the consumers ar the elder concourse and people who atomic number 18 in the army. On the other hand, there be many people do not analogous this toothpaste because its apprehension too strong or other reasons much(prenominal) as the tinge and the packaging of this toothpaste. MethodologyIn my group, there were three people, Aliyu, Yuko and me. We did the survey of Euthymol toothpaste at Middlesex University, Hendon central and Cricklewood lane on 24 November. We have asked 30 people for answering the questionnaire, but 27 people answered it. There are 16 male respondents and 11female respondents. They came from 7 different countries, such as the UK, Japan, China, Canada and so on. Results and summary of Marketing Mix We have done a survey of Euthymol toothpaste and some research on the internet. Now I am going to analyse Euthymol toothpaste by using the re sults and information of our secondary research from the internet.It includes product, price, place and promotion. increase Euthymol toothpaste is an old brand toothpaste, it was marked by Warner-Lambert, and now it is distributed by J&J. Nowadays, it is not a well have intercourse brand of toothpaste. From the results, there are 16 (59%) respondents have never used this toothpaste before, so we decided it is at the point of decline in the product life circle. Euthymol toothpaste has different insight and rubric between other brands of toothpaste. Most of the toothpastes taste like mints and the color is white.Euthymol toothpaste is one of the strongest tastes of toothpaste and there are no mints in it. Its color is bright pink, it makes this toothpaste special. As results of the survey, we can see that nearly of the respondents (48%) like the taste and color of this toothpaste, and some respondents do not care about them. Euthymol toothpaste has an old-fashion and elegant pack aging, because this packaging, it stands out from others toothpaste. We found that from the results, there are 16 (59%)respondents do not like the packaging of this toothpaste and 11 (41%) like the packaging. Euthymol toothpaste has some competitor.As results of the survey, we can see that, Colgate toothpaste and Aquafresh toothpaste are the main competitors, especially Colgate. In the results, there are 12 respondents elect Colgate toothpaste as their favorite toothpaste. It is about 44% of total respondents. Price 75 ml of Euthymol toothpaste costs about 2 pounds in pharmacy, supermarket and topical anesthetic store, because it fix in different place, so the prices are slightly different. From the survey results, most of the respondents think this price is average. And there 7 respondents think it is cheap and 8 respondents think it is expensive.As this result, we can see most of the respondents would not consider the price when they buy this toothpaste, because it is cheap. Fo r these reasons, we can found out that Euthymol toothpaste is an economy product. Place Euthymol toothpaste provided change in the UK, it is not a famous brand of toothpaste. It change in some of the supermarkets, local stores and pharmacy. There are 72% of the respondents unremarkably buy this toothpaste in Pharmacy. It seems not easy to find it in the supermarkets and local stores. Promotion Euthymol toothpaste has not much promotion such as advertising, gross revenue promotion and direct mail.From the survey results, we can see that advertising is the main promotion of this toothpaste, because there are 13 (50%) respondents know this toothpaste from advertising. And there are 8 (30%) respondents selected other, it means there are quit a pile of people know this toothpaste in other ways. For example, some people started to know this toothpaste from friends recommendation. Conclusion In conclusion, Most of people are satisfied with the taste and the color of this toothpaste, but there 59% of the respondents are not intelligent with the packaging of this toothpaste.If the company of Euthymal toothpaste wants to share more market, it has to solve packaging problem. In my opinion, the best solution is to invent other Euthymol toothpaste, it has different packaging and make between the original one, so it can keep the old customers and pull back new customers. The company did a good pricing of this toothpaste, because there are 10 people think this price of this toothpaste is average, even there are 8 people think it is cheap. The place and the promotion are the weaknesses of this toothpaste. Most of people think it is hard to find it in supermarket and local store. 2% of the respondents usually buy it in Pharmacy. I suggest that, this toothpaste should be sold in every supermarket, because people like shopping in supermarket. It could be the way to increase sales of this toothpaste. The other problem is the promotion, many people did not know what Euthy mol toothpaste it is, Because they cannot see any promotion of this toothpaste now, such as advertising and billboard. The company should do more promotion on this toothpaste such as buy one get one free and advertising on TV and so on. It is the best way to let people getting to know Euthymol toothpaste and makes it popular.

Describe Two Explanations of the Origins of Attitudes to Food and Eating Behaviour

Describe Two Explanations of the Origins of Attitudes to fodder and Eating Behaviour. One explanation of the origins of attitudes towards food and eating behaviour is affectionate learning speculation, which emphasises the impact that observing other people can contribute on our own behaviour. P atomic number 18nts can progress to a massive personnel over their kidrens eating behaviours for a variety of reasons. The first, and perhaps most clear reason is that parents purchase and suppress the foods in their homes, and so the child would have little choice but to eat whatever their parent presented to them.The child would then grow up with this fare, and would learn it. Brown and Ogden reported consistent coefficient of correlation between parents and their children in terms of snack intake, eating motivations, and dead body dissatisfaction. some other explanation of the origins of attitudes towards food and eating behaviour are cultural influences. look into has suggeste d that body dissatisfaction and related eating concerns are to a greater extent characteristics of sporty women than mysterious or Asian women.Ball and Kennedy open up that for all ethnic groups, the long-range the time spent in Australia, the more the women reported attitudes and eating behaviours equal to Australian women, and this is known as the acculturation effect. Other studies have found that social coterie can have an influence on body dissatisfaction and dieting behaviour, finding that they are more common in higher(prenominal) shed light on individuals. Dornbusch studied 7000 American adolescents and found that higher class womanishs base a greater desire to be thin, and were more likely to diet to achieve this.However other research disputes social learning theories death and suggests that children do not just copy their parents. A report through by Birch and Fisher found that the best predictors of daughters eating behaviours were the mothers dietetic restra ints and their perception of the risk of the daughters becoming overweight. This disputes the idea that eating behaviour is affect by children directly copying their parents eating behaviour. However, this study was only carried turn up with mothers and daughters and so may suffer from gender bias.Social learning theory could in addition affects peoples eating behaviours through their peers. This shows that more than just parents affects eating behaviour, as was previously implied. Meyer and Gast studied 10-12 year olds and found a significant confirmatory correlation between peer influence and disordered eating. Although this study shows us much valuable information, we can generalise these findings to suggest how 10-12 year olds are affected. They cannot be an indicator for how older people may act, who may be considered to be less vulnerable to peer pressure.There are also many other obvious explanations as to our eating behaviours. For example, how we have evolved impacts a great deal on what we eat. We prefer fatty and sugary foods as these are what our distant ancestors would have needed to survive. Research has found that female white people are more preoccupied with their weight and participate in more weight loss behaviours. However a study by Mumford et al found that bulimia occurs more predominantly in Asian school children than their white counterparts.Striegel Moore et al also found that dimmed girls have a higher drive for to be thin than white girls. Both of these studies contest the original idea, that White people have more eating problems. Dornbusch et al found that higher class females had a greater desire to be thin. However a study done by Story et al disputes this. They found the exact opposite, that higher social class meant greater satisfaction with weight and lower rates of weight control behaviour. This shows perhaps that there is no correlation between social class and eating behaviour. This was also suggested by other studies.

Banyan Tree Research Essay

1. Growth and development of banyan tree guide. banyan corner Holdings Limited is a leading, international hospitality grease that manages and develops premium resorts, hotels and spas. From a single boutique resort in Phuket in 1994, banyan tree channelise has grown into a multi-business operator glob in ally. Listed on the capital of Singapore Stock Exchange since 2006, the group currently consists of 30 hotels and resorts, over 60 spas 80 sell galleries and two golf courses in 27 countries, with raptorial expansion plans for the future.Below shows the milestone of banyan tree head Resort banyan tree channelize Group garnered some 117 international awards and accolades in2010, bringing the hail number of awards it has received close to 640 since the first banian tree Tree shoes opened in Phuket in 1994.In 2010, Banyan Tree Phuket and its watering hole continue to be recognised by industry experts, having won 14 prestigious awards and accoladesThe Banyan Tree organiza tion has seen very dynamic and expansible growth in the suffer few years. Banyan Tree attributes is triumph as a company to their infrangible brand recognition, command pricing, and superb management. grosss addd from $187.3 (million) in 2005 to 335.3 (million) in 2006, which is an increase of 79%. In 2007, Revenue increased another 26% to $429, 859 (million).2. Success factors of Banyan TreeBanyan Tree Capital has its own dedicated construction, project management and apostrophize management capabilities, enabling it to fulfill the role of a developer and assume unspoilt ownership of any projects.* Brand BuildingBranding has started right from the locations of the Banyan Tree resorts and has been consistent through the designs, the facilities offered, and the ambience created in each of the resorts. In line with the romantic escape for couples theme, Banyan Tree has placed a strong emphasis on the locations as a key element of the brand identity. The company has chosen exo tic locations with exclusive access to sun-bathed beaches, raise environment around and a good transportation infrastructure to fall in the resorts to the main destination highlights.* Company Growth and HealthThe Banyan Tree is a rapidly growing company with lots of investment all across the globe. Their expanding nature, coupled with a positive stock price, solid fiscal earnings, and continual success at all resort locations, is exceptional in the competitive hotel and resort industry. Not many hotel companies can brag approximately recent success like the Banyan Tree.* Good Brand communication theoryBanyan Tree promotes their product through mass international media. They encounter travel editors and writers who could potentially increase editorial coverage on Banyan Tree to use the service. This can afford Banyan Tree Experiences pass on to people by word of mouth and it is more effective. It is also make brand awareness and brand value that generated largely through ove rt relations and global foodstuffing programs.* Being a socially answerable and environmentally sensitive organization Banyan Tree Exercise attention with respect to the environmental impacts of their operations, and taking an active role in the trade protection and remediation of our global ecosystem.* Creating a good cultureBy unite the Asian culture and heritage with world-class service and luxury, Banyan Tree has been able to build a brand that has appealed to people across countries in Asia and beyond, and successfully been capitalizing on the pan-Asian sentiment.3. Marketing Strategies* Collaboration with merchandise agenciesBanyan Tree Holdings appointed a few key wholesalers in each targeted market and worked closely with them to promote sales. Rather than selling through wholesale and retail agents that catered to the general market, they chose to work lone(prenominal) with agents specializing in exclusive luxury holidays targeted at wealthy customers. Global exposur e was also achieved through Banyan Trees membership in the Small Luxury Hotels and Leading Hotels of the World. Targeting high-end consumers, they confront various independent exclusive hotels and have sales offices in major cities around the world.* Winning awardsBanyan Tree resort management view that to publicize their properties, word of mouth is more important than advertisement. in that locationfore, one of the marketing strategies they adopting is to win awards. Banyan Tree sought recognition in service, entry and, more importantly, its environmental efforts. To date, it has won more than 570 awards, with two given last week for its excellence in social and environmental responsibility.* Expanding Brand portfolioBanyan Tree to come out with a brand extension in the form of Angsana Resorts (launched in 2000), targeted towards young families and at different price points typically 20-30% lower than Banyan Tree resorts themselves. It also operates stand-alone Angsana Spas. These measures not only allow Banyan Tree to increase its awareness in wise markets and gain international momentum, but also create a strong platform for a portfolio of sub-brands that can be a source of long-run revenue generation.* Online marketingBanyan Tree sets up company website to hands down update latest information and offers for customers. In additional, the online website allows customers to do bookings for their holidays. Online bookings rapidly increase over the year and it definitely generated more revenue.4. Future Challenges* CompetitionThere is only one other resort that is comparable to the Banyan Tree Amanpulo. Amanpulo is situated on a private island in Palawan. The island boasts white sand, lechatelierite clear water and tropical vegetation. They, too, respond to a leisurely life style for the affluent and rich worldwide. In addition, Amanpulo is just as concerned as we are in building environmentally friendly and aesthetically gentle resorts.* CopycatsT he market is crowded with many entrants running similar branded resorts in the upper-end. Particularly in Asia Pacific, where Banyan Tree has its stronghold and traditional base, in the buff entrants are facing only small barriers-of-entry other than huge capital requirements and availability of good locations. A new entrant can ceaselessly try to copy the romance-intimacy-rejuvenation theme and replicate the serene locations with beautiful villas providing it at lower prices to gain foothold in the market.* Natural HazardsThe Philippines sits astride the typhoon belt, which office its prone to be struck by dangerous storms. In addition, the country is known to be home of active volcanoes. Other internal hazards known to occur are landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis.* Environmental IssuesExisting issues that the Philippines are dealings with, and trying to combat, are uncontrolled deforestation, soil erosion, air and water pollution, red coral reef degradation and increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps.

Cda and Power Relations

CDA AND POWER RELATIONS Hafiz Ahmad Bilal De stir upment of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-321-600-2709 electronic mail ahmadbilal. emailprotected com Akkasha Tariq (Corresponding Author) De objet dartment of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-300-600-5445 netmail ak. emailprotected com Sadaf Zahra Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-342-737-2911 E-mail emailprotected com Saadia Ashraf Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-334-757-2265 E-mail life. emailprotected com Saman Sibtain Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-334-753-0668 Email emailprotected com Kainat Aqsa Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Tel 92-341-571-8087 E-mail emailprotected com Abstract This study aims at fancying the entirelyiance between actors line and ideology which is represented by take the field-in. Through the synopsis of Obamas nomenclature it result be seen that how preponderating forces cultivate their source, book their superiority and give tongue to their dictum.In this study it is tried to show that how come prevailing forces or root treatments adopt strategies which fulfill their personal interests. In a nonher(prenominal) lyric with and with the application of fine converse psycho abbreviation the textual matter editionbook is discountvas to see up to what extent g overnment agency and force is seen in the voice communication and idiom of those in spring. CDA alship placeal aims at exploring the style fond situation ab mathematical function and dominance argon enacted in society. Words are non to be considered objective only as having few finicky moments which are non endlessly obvious to t show up ensemble readers. Key linguistic process CDA, dominance, Obamas speech, role, Power mansionifi give noticetations 1. aditLanguage is a p henomenon which is related to our phasely and cognitive development cover from our childhood and plays a rattling crucial role in the ecesis of our identicalness. Whatever we assure always contains to a immenseer extent or less meaning and represents our perception to struggled a certain reckon or belief. Language plays a really crucial role because e very(prenominal) per seduceance particularly a policy- devising perform is accompanied and in fact influenced and played by the wrangle we use. We bedevil always got a particular way of under radicaling and perceiving language. And the way we cover language builds the foundation of our social construction and individual as hygienic as stem kinds.And more or less branches of linguistics boast tried to beg off that what kind of apprisalship is in that respect between the use of language and vastness of perception. Because the way we d own issue use of language tells our intention toward some(prenominal) key issue both regimenal or social. Any dissertate either intercommunicate or written fuck emerge from many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) sources identical cultural, social or office staff accentuate. Language has always its surface and real meanings and surface meanings differ from that of real meanings, and it is in fact genius of the aims of hold forth to show how language is naturaliseing and what context it is being used in. .. utilize a language involves some issue that goes beyond the acquisition of structures and the ability to take in fascinate choices in the realization of the particular language functions. (Yalden, 1987, p 39). Every language finds its ways in discourse and in order to understand a speech or a text it so very necessity to get into the depth of that very verbalise or written text and go for the context of it. Because unless the text is seen as having more than surface meanings, it would non be easy to get real meaning and understand th e motive and intention of speaker.Discourse always intends to exploit forth the context of a thing and bring into light which is otherwise not transparent enough to a reader and listener. Because its so very evident that our wrangle use up neer been neutral and language is not an abstract thing preferably our spoken language look at meanings and they belong to some particular social and political condition. Its quite consequential to know that what in reality commonwealth do with words and this takes language from being comprised of structures and grammar to function and communicative competence. 2. Discourse AnalysisDiscourse depth psychology is a rapidly growing and vast field. Discourse cond anes that how texts relate to contexts of spatial relation and context of culture. How texts are produced as a social exercising, what texts tell us almost happenings and what state think and belief. Text epitome is the study of ball linguistic devices that distinguish a text from random sentences. Discourse synopsis takes into account the text-forming devices with reference to the functions for which the discourse was produced, and the context inwardly which the discourse was created.The very aim of discourse abridgment is to show how the linguistic elements help language users communicate. Cohesive devices tell us the text and discourse is the meaning in the context. When we find out meaning in the context, and when we find out meaning from a text that pull up stakes become discourse, and when analyze the text along with the context it becomes discourse analysis. Its a sanitary known fact that language is checked not in the text alone in context as well. It is very necessary to know historical congestground of any blusht.For example if a text consists of words round 9/11, it allow for be obvious to for the historical story. To know actually close a text background knowledge is required which will dumbfound the sense even more clear. Certain structures are traced out to derive to the meanings and this is called discourse analysis. Discourse analysis is a methodology but a look as well. It brings new things into knowledge and refers to expressing oneself using words. It is evident that words are never neutral and everything which is written or read has some meanings and by discourse analysis those meanings become clear.This is discourse analysis which enables the analyzer from seeing language as abstract to seeing it as having some meanings related to particular conditions a handle historical, social or political. Discourse analysis has been used to describe a number of research approaches whose ultimate habit is to focus on the use of language. Conversational analysis, little discourse analysis is some kinds of discourses which fuddle their own methods and assumptions but the ultimate purpose is to explain the way meanings are constructed in communication.A wide range of texts including journals and broadcast m edia, political speeches, interviews puddle been understood by the application of discourse analysis. Discourse analysis includes the ways in which people assume meanings of a text indoors a given context. Conversational analysis focuses on the analysis of the ways language is being used. It tells how people respond to any conversation and how they desexualise use of a specific word or any provided phrase. On the other hand critical discourse analysis (CDA) is pertain with the instability sources of berth, dissimilarity and bias. 3. Critical Discourse AnalysisThe term critical discourse analysis is an approach which studies discourse in which language is viewed as a form of social practice and focuses on the ways social or political domination are presented by text and talk as well. Power is one of the c at a timepts CDA deals with and CDA tends to analyze the language of those in indicant, of those who are responsible for the inequalities in done in a society. Moreover CDA researchers attempt to know how discourse produces domination, and how power yell of one group is exercised on others. And how dominated groups whitethorn strive to resist such challenges. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a type of discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. (van Dijk, 2001, p. 352) One more important perspective concerned by CDA somewhat power is that it is a very rare circumstances that a text is a work of only one individual. at that place exists in texts certain evidence which, if find through a critical eye, clearly shows the ideologies of those who intend to struggle for dominance.The constant unity of language with a number of social issues pays one thing clear and obvious that thither is a close relationship of language with social power and this relationship occurs in a number of ways. Power is not essentially derived from language but language can be used in a way so as to challenge power. Language enables to establish differences in power in hierarchical social matters, issues and structures. The actions and words of those in power are always considered of cracking significance and given a particular importance.And they apply different strategies which are more than enough to show their interests, and it so happens that their words are taken as the ultimate truth. The words of those in power are taken as self-evident truths and the words of those not in power are dismissed as irrelevant, inappropriate, or without subject (van Dijk, 2000). In fact it is one of the responsibilities of the CDA researchers to play a very important role in bringing into light the problems and issues of those who have become the victims of dominance and power abuse, and then irresolution the voice of those who have been exercising their power over other groups.Indeed its so very import ant to headway them in order to reveal their hidden motives, their superiority, personal interests to make others subjugated. bil permit practitioners essential engage in critical discourse analysis to make the voice of the marginalized legitimate and heard and to take the voice of those in power into question to reveal hidden agendas and motives that act self-interests, maintain superiority, and fancy others subjugation. (Henry & Tator, 2002) As already mentioned that CDAs main concern is about the power and use of power which is reflected in the text and talk of those who struggle to maintain their agency over others, so it is believed that oppression, inequality and biasness would be left unchallenged if the text is not viewed and analyse keenly and critically. Given the power of the written and spoken word, CDA is necessary for descri stash awayg, interpreting, analyzing, and critiquing social life reflected in text (Luke, 1997). Power, dominance and inequality are equa lly construe by the help of CDA as these name are major concern of CDA. CDA is concerned with studying and analyzing written texts and spoken words to reveal the discursive sources of power, dominance, inequality, and bias and how these sources are initiated, maintained, reproduced, and transformed inside specific social, economic, political, and historical contexts (van Dijk, 1988). As a matter of fact CDA aims to bring a reform in the society and tries to illuminate the paths of suppressed groups and people. Its livelong purpose is to let the oppressed groups know of the in hardlyice done to them and make them able to resist it in order to make their lives worth living.It is in fact a path which tends to surpass the dominated bodies to transform their lives. CDA has got many objectives and one of those is to uncover the ideologies that are otherwise hidden in the words or written texts. a critical approach to discourse seeks to relate the text (micro level) with the underly ing power structures in society (macro sociocultural practice level) through discursive practices upon which the text was drawn (meso level) (Thompson, 2002). Language tends to have some meaning in it which is not transparent always.CDA plays an important role in making those meanings clear which are otherwise black to a popular man. CDA helps make clear the connections between the use of language and the exercise of power (Thompson, 2002). CDA does also aim to find connection between social power and discourse. According to van Dijk (1996), one of the central tasks of CDA is to account for the relationships between discourse and social power (p. 84). CDA actually makes itself involved in many social issues which need to be resolved. They can be political issues, power abuse and many others. CDA sees itself as politically involved research (Titscher et al, 2000, p. 147). Now it will be clear that CDA is interested in analyzing and critiquing the obvious as well as hidden structur al relationships of discrimination, inequality, power, dominance and control which are shown by language use. 4. Application of CDA This research study is concerned with the critical analysis of speech of the president of the States telling the entire knowledge base about the expiry of Osama Bin fuddled (Leader of Al- al-Qaida) who was shot dead in his apartment, in Abbotabad (Pakistan), after(prenominal) an exploit by the the States troops.Researchers would be interested in critically analyzing the whole speech/text in order to find out traces of power imbalance, inequality, and un safeified practice make by the USA. This research will also take into consideration the views of some of the decreeds of the Statesn government as well as the scuttlebutts made by heyday parson of Pakistan. The agendas, ideologies, and hidden motives of the dominant group, in this causal agent the States, would be brought into consideration through the help of critical discourse analysis of the speech by chairwoman Obama.It will be viewed that how they have managed to show their dominance over others (Pakistan) and what kind of imbalance of power relationship has been generated by the authoritarian body politic (USA). 5. circumstance of Osama hive away smashed Al-Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden is believed to have legitimate the attacks on New York and Washington on 11 family line 2001 and a number of others. He was top of the US most asked list. And then a war had been declared once morest Al-Qaida by the USA.And this function in Pakistan was done when the the Statesn government was sure enough about Bin Ladens presence in Pakistan. 6. Text of prexy Obama Speech THE PRESIDENT Good evening. Tonight, I can report to the the Statesn people and to the reality that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al foundation, and a nemesisist whos responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children. I t was nearly 10 long time ago that a bright September day was darkened by the whisk attack on the American people in our history.The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory hijacked envisiones cutting through a cloudless September sky the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground macabre smoke billowing up from the Pentagon the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of brave citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction. And yet we know that the worst images are those that were unseen to the world. The empty seat at the dinner table. Children who were force to grow up without their mother or their father.Parents who would never know the tactual sensation of their childs embrace. Nearly 3,000 citizens taken from us, leaving a gaping hole in our hearts. On September 11, 2001, in our time of grief, the American people came together. We offered our neighbors a hand, and we offered the wounded our blood. We reaffirmed our ties to each oth er, and our love of community and boorish. On that day, no matter where we came from, what matinee idol we prayed to, or what race or ethnicity we were, we were united as one American family. We were also united in our esolve to protect our nation and to bring those who committed this vicious attack to fullice. We quickly learned that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by al basis an organization headed by Osama bin Laden, which had openly declared war on the United States and was committed to cleanup position innocents in our artless and around the globe. And so we went to war against al Qaeda to protect our citizens, our friends, and our ally. everyplace the outlive 10 eld, convey to the tireless and gilded work of our force and our counterterrorism professionals, weve made great strides in that effort.Weve disrupted terrorist attacks and alter our homeland defense. In Afghanistan, we removed the Taliban government, which had given bin Laden and al Qaeda safe haven an d support. And around the globe, we worked with our friends and allies to capture or kill scores of al Qaeda terrorists, including several(prenominal) who were a part of the 9/11 plot. Yet Osama bin Laden avoided capture and escape across the Afghan border into Pakistan. Meanwhile, al Qaeda continued to cash in ones chips from along that border and operate through its affiliates across the world.And so shortly after taking office, I directed Leon Panetta, the director of the CIA, to make the cleanup or capture of bin Laden the top priority of our war against al Qaeda, even as we continued our broader efforts to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat his ne twainrk. therefore, last August, after years of painstaking work by our news program community, I was briefed on a achievable lead to bin Laden. It was remote from certain, and it took many months to run this thread to ground.I met repeatedly with my national security measures police squad as we real more tuition about the pos sibility that we had located bin Laden hiding inside a commingle deep inside of Pakistan. And finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action, and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to preciselyice. Today, at my advocate, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. A small squad of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability. No Americans were harmed.They took care to avoid civilian casualties. After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body. For over 2 decades, bin Laden has been al Qaedas leader and symbol, and has continued to plot attacks against our rustic and our friends and allies. The death of bin Laden marks the most significant motion to date in our nations effort to defeat al Qaeda. Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort. Theres no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks aga inst us. We must and we will persevere prepared at home and abroad.As we do, we must also reaffirm that the United States is not and never will be at war with Islam. Ive made clear, just as President Bush did shortly after 9/11 that our war is not against Islam. Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader he was a mass murderer of Muslims. Indeed, al Qaeda has killed scores of Muslims in many countries, including our own. So his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity. Over the years, Ive repeatedly made clear that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was. That is what weve done. precisely its important to note that our counterterrorism cooperation with Pakistan helped lead us to bin Laden and the compound where he was hiding. Indeed, bin Laden had declared war against Pakistan as well, and ordered attacks against the Pakistani people. Tonight, I called President Zardari, and my team has also spoken with their Pakistani counter parts. They agree that this is a comfortably and historic day for both of our nations. And personnel casualty forward, it is essential that Pakistan continue to nitty-gritty us in the fight against al Qaeda and its affiliates. The American people did not choose this fight.It came to our shores, and started with the senseless slaughter of our citizens. After nearly 10 years of service, struggle, and sacrifice, we know well the be of war. These efforts weigh on me every time I, as Commander-in-Chief, have to sign a letter to a family that has lost a loved one, or look into the eyes of a service member whos been gravely wounded. So Americans understand the costs of war. Yet as a sylvan, we will never tolerate our security being threatened, nor stand idly by when our people have been killed. We will be dismal in defense of our citizens and our friends and allies.We will be true to the values that make us who we are. And on nights manage this one, we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to al Qaedas terror Justice has been done. Tonight, we give thanks to the countless intelligence and counterterrorism professionals whove worked tirelessly to secure this outcome. The American people do not see their work, nor know their names. exclusively tonight, they feel the satisfaction of their work and the result of their search of justice. We give thanks for the men who carried out this operation, for they exemplify the professionalism, patriotism, and nparalleled courage of those who serve our state. And they are part of a generation that has borne the heaviest share of the burden since that September day. Finally, let me say to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11 that we have never forgotten your loss, nor wavered in our inscription to see that we do whatever it takes to continue another(prenominal)(prenominal) attack on our shores. And tonight, let us think back to the sense of unity that prevailed on 9/11. I know that it has, at times, fra yed. Yet todays achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the ratiocination of the American people.The cause of securing our country is not complete. But tonight, we are once again re mentalityed that America can do whatever we set our wit to. That is the story of our history, whether its the pursuit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all our citizens our commitment to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place. Let us remember that we can do these things not just because of wealth or power, but because of who we are one nation, under God, indivisible, with casualness and justice for all. Thank you. may God bless you.And whitethorn God bless the United States of America. 8. Analysis The speech opens with a detail news report of the whole incident of Abbotabad (Pakistan) and President Obama congratulates the people of his country and the rest of the world about the victory which embraced the m after a long span of time. indeed there are a few contestations about what did the families of the victims of 9/11 go through and what kind of grief surrounded the whole nation. But there then comes some dictations which, if analyzed critically, clearly show the efforts America has made to fulfill her personal interests.Obama at one instant states, Over the last 10 years, thanks to the tireless and heroic work of our military and our counterterrorism professionals, weve made great strides in that effort. And then he makes further comments which are a clear cut example of their intent to show dominance over Al-Qaeda and then their efforts to fulfill their own self-interests. Says he, And around the globe, we worked with our friends and allies to capture or kill scores of al Qaeda terrorists, including several who were a part of 9/11 plot. These both supra mentioned fragments of his speech just seem enough to elaborate their point of view about their position in the world and their way of doing things. It is obvious that they have been position themselves in this effort for last ten years. Then the point becomes even clearer when President Obama talks about the result of their continuous efforts and tell the world how they located bin Laden. Then, last August, after years of painstaking work by our intelligence community, I was briefed on a possible lead to bin Laden.It was far from certain, and it took many months to run this thread to ground. I met repeatedly with my national security team as we developed more training about the possibility that we had located bin Laden hiding within a compound deep inside of Pakistan. This line if observed superficially will only be discussing about the fruitful results of the US intelligence on the matter of bin Ladens capture. But in the eyes of CDA its just not a simple avouchment but it is something greatly related with the imbalance power relationship with Pakistan as well.If analyzed and interpreted critical ly, it becomes obvious that USA government has shown little disinclination in sharing their plans with Pakistan. For example to understand it more clearly just ponder on the words verbalize by Obama. I met repeatedly with my national security team as we developed more information about the possibility that we had located bin Laden hiding within a compound deep inside of Pakistan. What does my national security team mean? It obviously means that Obama has just asked his national security team to go through the process of finding Laden.He has not mentioned that any plan or estimation is divided up with Pakistani officials or intelligence. So through the application of CDA and considering its main purpose it is evident that nothing matters for them as far as their interests are concerned. Pakistani security team was just not told anything and USA just took their special team in confidence. It means that they have been struggling and making many efforts without letting Pakistan know anything about it.And it must be observed that the process of inquiring about Ladens presence was taking in Pakistan and Obama makes it clear in his speech that he learned that Laden was present deep inside of Pakistan. Now this is again something of great importance, as it is like showing dominance and power over other country. In the above stated comment of Obama two things show the profuse use of their power. First Presidents meeting with his security team only and second the action of investigating Ladens presence in Pakistan is the thing not being shared with the country where he actual action was to take place. This is to be considered as one of the examples of inequality and wrong use of power by USA. The story is just not over here as there comes many more evidence in the text which represent the inequality USA seems have done to Pakistan. Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound in Abbotabad, Pakistan. There again need s to apply CDA and get into the depth of the statement and reach to the real meanings which are otherwise hidden and not considerably understandable. Today, at my direction is just not simple phrase but something that is more than enough to affect the power relationship between two independent countries. Today seems to specify the day and time which appeared suitable to the dominating country and then at my direction is indicating towards something which goes in favor of USA because here again it is noticeable that President Obama looks like in accept in his own orders and directions, not giving any clue of the direction or requirement of taking the direction of Pakistani government.This if critically analyzed is pointing towards the belief which the USA government might have in them and in their power as well. And this looks like USA tends to imbalance the power relation with Pakistan and makes that country dominated by such remarks and action as well. Then there come another sta tement which looks even closer to the way one may exercise their power over other group or a country might be. Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort. Theres no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us.We mustand we willremain vigilant at home and abroad. In the above mentioned statement there are three important words which are enough to capture the attention of those who work through CDA. We must, we will remain vigilant at home and abroad are not having ordinary meanings in them as it is well known fact that words are not always ought to be neutral. If viewed deeply there in that statement a word is used abroad and it seems to indicate some determination of American government.Using words like we must, we will is a way adopted for assert their power and dominance. And its not their country only they will be working but abroad as well. And abroad can be any other country or Pakistan may be as he didnt mention it at all. , as he said it was not th e end of their efforts and any further action could be possible in future. Judging this very fragment of his speech it might be said that it was not at all a neutral statement and contained in it a signal to show their strength and then will to exercise power whenever they feel it to exercise. Over the years, Ive repeatedly made clear that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was. That is what weve done. such a statement from president of USA for another independent country is indeed of great attention as it again refers to the akin thing which CDA aims at. Critically evaluating, this statement contains some meaning which seems to give world an idea about what USA thinks and wants to do. To make an argument like Ive repeatedly made clear is containing a huge meaning in itself.It refers to the idea of being always right, and dominant. And if analyzed this statement more deeply, it appears as if America is biased toward Pakistan and this is shown through the text itself. . that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was. This remark is showing the bias America is or may have against Pakistan. As it shows that they are already having some prejudice against Pakistan and have repeatedly made it clear that they would take an action if found it good in their interest.Continuing further he adds that he called President Zardari and his officials and was told that it was a great day for both of their nations and further Obama states, And going forward, it is essential that Pakistan continue to join us in the fight against al Qaeda and its affiliates. It does seem opaque that what kind of contribution they are asking Pakistan to make, they may be intercommunicate toward the same way they just adopted to attack Osama in Pakistan, and making Pakistani government clear that their contribution lies in the fact that they would not be asked if the action is to be taken again to attack any other member of al Qaeda.Presid ent Obamas speech consists of many fragments in which he every now and then shows his sympathy with his nation about the incident of 9/11 and ensures to take possible measures to protect their country but that statement itself becomes controversial and looks like to serve their purposes only. Says he, Yet as a country, we will never tolerate our security being threatened, nor stand idly by when our people have been killed. We will be relentless in defense of our citizens and our friends and allies, This statement is just telling the way they want to secure their country.And letting the entire world know of what they think of the security of their people and country. But in a way or other it suggests that it is only their security that matters and they will not allow anyone to threaten their security, and they will be relentless in defense of their citizens. But the question arises that what about the security of the country which was threatened and weakened when President Obama too k that action in Pakistan and made it clear that they had already said that any action of this sort could take place in Pakistan if necessary.On one side securing their own country and on the other hand not showing any concern about the security of the other country (Pakistan). These kinds of phrases are interpreted with the help of CDA in order to detect the hidden ideologies of the dominating country. And statements like this and many others are a monition to let others know not to take this matter lightly. CDA aims at exploring the motives of dominant group and it tells what one is allowed and expect to do. President Obama concludes the speech with a statement which contains in it a essence which confirms their dominance, power and threat to power relation with Pakistan.Adds he further, The cause of securing our country is not complete. But tonight, we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to. That is the story of our history, whether its the purs uit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all citizens our commitments to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place. Though these are the stop comments from president Obama but they do have the signs of over dominance. America can do whatever we set our mind to. If this and many other above mentioned statements are left unchallenged then power relation and profuse use of dominance by America in this particular case can create many problems for the country who is being repressed and dominated. As it is one of the main aims of CDA to reveal hidden motives which do lie in texts and words, this piece of text does need a critical analysis. Telling what America can do somehow discloses the ideological assumption of America. This appears like America has got some firm belief in their strength and that they can do whatever they want to do.Its through the application of CDA that it becomes possible to let others know that h ow those who in power maintain their superiority and how they want or ensure others subjugation. This statement is just no looks like a warning to al Qaeda only but to the entire world. Saying that America can do anything seems like America can attack Al Qaeda again as well as America can make use of its excessive power by maintaining its dominance and can again take such sort of action in Pakistan. It points towards the commitment America has made in order to be superior and ensure its superiority over others.CDA is very helpful in such situations as it help in understanding that how one exercises their authority through words. This very statement is a signal toward the presence of imbalance in power relationship between the two countries (Pakistan and America). And CDA helps understand the social problems, inequality and excessive use of ones power and superiority over others. approximately comments of the American officials have also been added and analyzed with the help of CDA. BBC reports on May 2, 2011. The US official said that intelligence had been tracking a rely courier of bin Laden for many years.The couriers identity was discovered four year ago, his area of operation two years ago and then, last August, his residence in Abbotabad was found, triggering the start of the mission. (BBC News) This news by US official reflects the same idea as it was there in President Obamas speech. Their continuous effort to find out Osamas residence across the world appears to be their top priorities. And as the official said that at last they found him in Abbotabad (Pakistan), it looks like that they had unploughed an eye on Pakistan.But what happened actually that the plan was not at all shared with Pakistan, which seems like a way used by US to exercise its superiority and keep its self interest most important. It actually can be fatal for the power relation between the two countries because inequality can be seen in this very case. According to another report by BBC it was said that nothing about the plan was shared with anyone including Pakistan. The official said Only a very small group of people inside our own government know of this operation in advance. (BBC News) The statement is what CDA aims to bring into notice. US officials knew that the operation was to be held in Pakistan but it was not their concern to share it with the officials of Pakistan. At surface level this statement is not that dangerous but its critical analysis may make it prominent and questionable. The information was shared with a very few people of the US and it indicates towards the inequality shown by the US. It too shows the power abuse which consort to CDA needs to be resisted.Power relations can be at take chances if such statements are made by an independent country for another independent country. It looks like as if sovereignty of a country has been challenged through the words of those who have power and this time Pakistan seems to be the victim of s uch oppression and injustice. The nature of these remarks makes CDA an interesting task. This should be kept in mind that those who are in power they keep asserting their dominance through the use of words and this has just been shown and understood through the critical discourse analysis of above mentioned remarks of the US officials.BBC News had too added the remarks of different officials of many countries but in this very analysis the remark of Prime see Yusuf Raza Gilani would be analyzed. Pakistan Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani said the killing was a great victory but added that he didnt know the details of the US operation. (BBC News) CDA aims to highlight oppression, repression and marginalization by critically analyzing the text to reveal dominance. And what makes the remark of Prime Minister a questioning one. The declaration of Mr.Gilani about having no details about the US operation seems to ensure what America valued for them. The operation was made in Pakistan and the Prime Minister of the same country has not been told about it. Dominance of America may be observed here as there comes no resistance from the words of Prime Minister. Moreover it seems to ensure the subjugation of Pakistan and domination of America in the very incident of Abbotabad. This is an attempt to critically analyze the words of those in power. It is shown that what it looks like and what it actually is. . Conclusion Let this fact be acknowledged that those in power have always some hidden motives and ideologies which they adopt to serve their purposes and fulfill their self-interests. Their words are not at all neutral rather they have respective hidden agendas which they use to maintain their superiority. The same has been understood by critically analyzing the text of President Obamas speech after the death of bin Laden. CDA tries to illuminate ways followed by dominant forces that favor their personal interests.A text may appear flat if not critically observed but i f critically evaluated it reveals hidden traits of those who tend to exercise their power by using words and speech. CDA has played a major role in unraveling the text and meanings which are contained in it. Critical analysis of text is necessary to challenge the excessive use of power, oppression and inequality, and CDA helps resisting such actions if prevailing in the society. DISCLAIMER The text of Obamas speech was taken for the research purposes only and none other purpose should be extracted out of this analysis.The text analysis should not be taken politically or personally. References BBCNews. (May 02, 2011). Osama Bin Laden, al-Qaeda leader, dead-Barack Obama. 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